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高考新题型

2019-09-10赵清娥

教育周报·教育论坛 2019年2期
关键词:代词逻辑解析

赵清娥

高考英语七选五题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断,虽然文章整体难度一般低于阅读理解,但是却给很多考生造成了很大的心理障碍。七个选项中选五个,比四个选项中选一个干扰性更大,很多考生在做这个题目时,总有种眼花缭乱、心烦气躁的感觉,致使往往准确率不高。因此,首先要克服心理障碍,同时要注意方式方法。

一、高考大纲要求

试题模式:给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求考生根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。

考查重点:《考试说明》对七选五命题目的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”这种命题形式体现了《新课程标准》中“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力”这一要求。

选项特点:主旨概括句(文章整体内容),过渡性句子(文章结构),注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)

二、高考热点重温

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.

I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

A. This time there was no tent.

B. Things are going to be improved.

C. The trip they took me on was a roughone.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

E. I must say that I have certainly come toenjoy camping.

F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.

G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

語篇解读:本文为记叙文:三年前,如果有人说我会将大部分周末用来野营,我会开怀大笑。但也就是从那时起,我开始野营并深深迷恋上它。相信有一天,你也会回到大自然中去。

36. D 解析:过渡句。根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关,而后文中表明作者热爱露营,暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转折。D选项中句末的however表示转折。

37. C 解析:过渡句。根据后文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.可知作者第一次露营条件很艰苦,C选项The trip they took me on was a rough one. rough是解题的关键。

38. A 解析:细节句。根据前文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire...可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷,露天生火做饭,走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所,条件很艰苦,而后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper ...说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项This time there was no tent. 此句暗示作者进行了第二次露营,而且条件比较好,符合语境。

39. F 解析:过渡句。根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer ...可知作者一家为了露营买了房车,里面设备齐全,说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项符合语境。

40. E 解析:总结句。根据后文It must be true that ...in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法,而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结,也很好地衔接了后文。

三、解题技巧

解答七选五类型的题目时,首先要快速阅读全文要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等,目的是为了掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于整篇文章空缺了五处,文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断的,要求考生在段时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此,考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置,利用相应的策略找到适当的选项回填文章。

技法一挖空在段首

通常是段落主题句。通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落表达内容一致性原则,推断出该段的主题句。

技法二挖空在段尾

通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。

技法三挖空在段中

挖空位置如果在段中,这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,所填句子含义应与前句、后句保持一致。七选五考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性,因此就要使用到各种达到连贯性的衔接手段,即:词汇衔接、代词衔接、逻辑衔接等。

1. 词汇复现法线索一般来说,上下文中词汇的范畴越小,上下文的衔接关系越紧密。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。

2.代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

3. 逻辑关系线索

(a) 并列与递进关系:and, or, also, neither...nor..., either... or..., likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, what is more, for example, in other words, second, secondly等。

(b)因果关系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, as a result/consequence, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, because of, in that, for this reason, of course等。

(c)转折让步关系:but, however, yet, otherwise, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of等。

(d)時间关系:afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with,to begin with, in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly,then, third, thirdly等以及一些具体的时间。

七选五口诀:文章标题猜大意段首段尾主题句空前空后逻辑性同义举例与对比代词冠词大小写标点符号关键词相似句式或排比多个条款要对应

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