武兵

难词扫障

1.stereotype n. 陈规旧习;老一套;刻板印象

2.norm n. 规范;标准;准则

原文复现

Nowadays there are few females working in the STEM （STEM means science， technology， engineering and maths）， compared with males. According to a survey， despite making up half of the workforce， women only account for 14.4% of all people working in STEM.

Many different reasons are stated for why this may be the case： girls are less likely to study STEM subjects such as physics， chemistry， and maths at school， or continue them at university. Some researchers believe that girls receive

gender-based prejudice from childhood previously， leading them to mistakenly believe that boys are naturally better at STEM subjects for some inborn ability although there is no evidence that men are biologically better at certain subjects than women.

Another reason is that women still face some gendered norms in STEM， such as some social limitations that we place upon girls in adolescence and even they carry throughout their adult lives： aim high， but not too high; be successful， but never show off; avoid disagreement or handle challenging situations by trying to please people， rather than finding your own path. These ideas may prevent some women from achieving their full potential in STEM careers.

Above all， many girls themselves may continue to regard the industry with narrow stereotypes. “There has been the idea that a career in STEM means you're either a white coat-wearing laboratory scientist， an engineer in overalls and a hard hat， or a slightly strange academic professor，” Ursula Heng of P&G's beauty delivery engineering division says， “But there are many instances of engineers and scientists working in completely different environments on a range of applications that affect every aspect of our lives： digitization （數字化）， weather patterns， or transport systems. They are very important， and extremely relevant！”

Hence， how do girls break the myth that STEM careers are only for the boys？ First， challenge the false expectation that boys are simply better at STEM. “Be receptive to new possibilities and break through stereotypes，” urges Heng. “If you defeat and remove gendered prejudice， you will exploit（发挥） your talent and find a new world.” Then， develop the confidence in your ability to have true leadership in STEM. That's the key to success. Most of all， be more strategic and decisive， holding your own opinion in more challenging situations.

Thankfully， things are changing. One recent study found that more women have entered Stem in the past 40 years than any other field. There are part of women with flourishing（蒸蒸日上的） science and technology careers， but further work needs to be done to help encourage these women to work in the industry and to make this become a norm rather than an exception. It's of vital importance to break through the stereotypes and to develop the next generation of female STEM talent.

——From The Guardian

Part 1 整体感知

本文是一篇议论文，主要说明了为什么从事科技领域相关职业的女性占比很少。据调查，尽管女性占劳动力总数的一半，但从事科技领域的女性仅占14.4%。有三个主要原因可以解释这一状况：第一，大部分女性从小时候起就内化了这种男性有学习理科的天赋，且比女性更加擅长的性别偏见;第二，女性需要长期面对一些固有的社会观念的束缚;第三，有些女性自己本身就对科技领域相关职业有着刻板的印象。因此，女性要打破这种刻板认识，战胜性别偏见，勇于追求自己的职业理想。虽然和以前相比，现在已经有很多女性从事科技领域相关行业，但要真正实现性别平等，培养女性的才能，还需要继续努力。

篇章结构梳理：

Part 2 语言学习

写作句型积累

1.According to a survey， despite making up half of the workforce， women only account for 14.4% of all people working in STEM.根据一项调查，尽管妇女占劳动力的一半，但在科技领域工作的所有人员中，妇女只占14.4%。

2.Many different reasons are stated for why this may be the case.本文对为何会出现这种情况，提出了许多不同的理由。

3.Another reason is that women still face some gendered norms in STEM， such as some social limitations that we place upon girls in adolescence and even they carry throughout their adult lives.另一个原因是，女性仍面对着一些科技领域的性别“规则”，如我们在女孩的青年时期就在她们身上强加社会束缚，这贯穿了她们成年后的生活。

4.First， challenge the false expectation that boys are simply better at STEM.首先，挑戰一个错误的预判，即男孩们在科技领域的表现更好。

5.Then， develop the confidence in your ability to have true leadership in STEM. That's the key to success.然后，培养你的自信，使你在科技领域有真正的领导能力。这是成功的关键。

6.Most of all， be more strategic and decisive， holding your own opinion in more challenging situations.最重要的是，在更具挑战性的情况下，保持自己的观点，更具战略性和决断性。

7.It's of vital importance to break through the stereotypes and to develop the next generation of female STEM talent.突破刻板印象，培养下一代女性科技领域的才能是至关重要的。

Part 3 读后思考

What are the advantages if more girls can get involved in the STEM careers？