刘克 张文建 李旭东 郭亚迪 艾复清

摘 要：为探明不同热源烤房烘烤效果，以烤烟NC102为试验材料，设置三种热源烤房，研究其烤后上部烟叶质量及烘烤收益。结果表明：T3烤后烟叶等级质量表现最佳，其上等烟率最高为44.2%，较T1、T2分别高2.5个百分点、1.65个百分点;T2石油醚提取物含量方面表现优于T1和T3，总体看T2烤后烟叶化学成分更为协调;T2烤后烟叶评吸得分最高为61.3分，其中香气质、香气量及刺激性方面表现较好;烘烤收益以T2最高为16.94元/kg，较T1、T3分别高0.93元/kg、0.53元/kg。结果说明，针对烘烤上部烟叶而言，电磁能热源烤房有利于提高上部烟叶烘烤等级质量，而空气能热泵烤房则有利于改善上部烟叶烘烤内在质量并降低烘烤成本。

关键词：烤房;热源;上部叶;品质;烘烤收益

中图分类号：S572

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2019）02-0084-04     国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2019.02.015

Abstract： In order to investigate the curing effect of different heating equipment，using flue-cured tobacco variety NC102 as experimental material， three flue-curing barns with different heating equipment were established to study the quality of the cured upper tobacco leaves and the corresponding benefit of flue-curing. The results showed that leaves cured in the barn equipped with electromagnetic energy heating source （T3） had the best quality， with a high class leaf proportion of 44.2%， which was 1.65% and 2.5% higher than that of traditional curing barn （T1） and curing barn equipped with air-source heat pump （T2） respectively. Total sugar， reducing sugar， starch and petroleum ether extracts in the cured leaves from T2 were superior to T1 and T3， which suggested a more coordinated overall chemical composition. Sensory score of T2 was 61.3 points， which was the highest and showed a better performance in quality and quantity of aroma and irritancy. Average price of tobacco leaves cured in T2 was 16.94 yuan/kg， which was 0.93 yuan/kg and 0.53 yuan/kg higher than that in T1 and T3 respectively. We may conclude that the flue-curing barn equipped with electromagnetic energy heating source may improve the grade quality while that with air-source heat pump may improve the chemical quality and reduce the cost of flue-cured upper tobacco leaves.

Key words： flue-curing barn; heating equipment; upper leaf; quality; benefit of flue-curing

烤房是烟叶初烤的专用设备，当前我国烟叶烘烤使用的密集烤房普遍以燃煤供热为主[1]，但燃煤密集烤房存在燃烧不稳定、升温不灵敏、无效能耗高、用工量多、有害气体及碳排放量大等缺点[2-5]。寻求烤房燃煤热源替代具有现实意义。

目前，有关不同热源烤房的研究已有一些报道，但主要集中在烤房性能测试及烘烤成本方面[6-12]，而关于不同电热源类型烤房对烤后烟叶品质及烘烤收益等系统研究的报道较少，尤其是针对上部叶的研究鲜有报道。因此，本试验针对烤烟上部叶，进行不同热源烤房烘烤效果研究，旨在为不同热源烤房的研究应用提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法