洛昊 李冕 刘志军 梁斌 鲍晨光 马明辉

摘要：為保护大连市滨海湿地重要生境及其鸟类多样性，文章于2016年8月至2017年10月，选取大连市海岛村和青云河口等9个滨海湿地，采用多种方法和设备，对鸟类开展定点周年连续调查，建立大连市滨海湿地鸟类名录，并分析其种类和时空分布等特征。调查结果表明：大连市滨海湿地鸟类有76种，隶属10目17科，其中鸻形目种类最多，旅鸟和夏候鸟种类最多;春、秋季的种类和数量较多，庄河口的种类和数量均为最多;优势种包括红嘴鸥（Chroicocephalus ridibundus）等3种，常见种包括环颈鸻（Charadrius alexandrinus）等15种，其余为稀有种;由于调查的方式、环境和设备等条件的差异，本次调查与1987年调查相比在种类上有所不同;滨海湿地鸟类的种类和时空分布与大连市的气候条件和地理位置有关;为保护黄嘴白鹭（Egretta eulophotes）和黑脸琵鹭（Platalea minor）等全球濒危和极危鸟类的繁殖和栖息空间，应加强对庄河口等滨海湿地的重点保护。

关键词：滨海湿地;生物多样性;鸟类名录;海洋生态环境;重点保护动物

中图分类号：Q95815 文献标志码：A文章编号：1005-9857（2019）02-0045-09

Investigation on Bird Diversity in Coastal Wetland Habitats of Dalian

LUO Hao1，2，LI Mian1，LIU Zhijun3，

LIANG Bin1，BAO Chenguang1，MA Minghui1

（1National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center，Dalian 116023，China;

2Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211，China;

3Ministry of Natural Resources，Beijing 100812，China）

Abstract：Nine coastal wetlands，such as Haidao village and Qingyun River Estuary in Dalian city，Liaoning province，were selected to survey on bird diversity with various methods and equipment annually，and to establish a list of birds，analyze their species and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.The investigation results showed that there were altogether a total 76 species，belonging to 17 families and 10 orders.Among them，Charadriiformes were identified as the most abundant species，and traveling birds and summer migratory birds were the most abundant species.The most species and abundant of birds were many more in spring and autumn，the species and populations of birds were both highest in Zhuanghekou estuary.The dominant species included 3 species，such as Blackheaded Gull （Chroicocephalus ridibundus）.Common species included 15 species such as Kentish Plover （Charadrius alexandrines），and the rest were rare species.Due to the differences of investigation methods，environment and equipment，the species of birds in this survey were different from those in 1987.The species and spatial and temporal distribution of birds in coastal wetlands were related to the climatic conditions and geographical location of Dalian.The coastal wetland in Dalian is also the feeding and breeding habitat of Blackfaced Spoonbill （Platalea minor） and Chinese Egret （Egretta eulophotes） which are world′s most threatened species，and the priority protection needs to be strengthened.

Key words：Coastal wetland，Biodiversity，Checklist of birds，Marine ecological environment，Key protected animals

0引言

大连市滨海湿地资源十分丰富，主要包括河口、滩涂和河口三角洲等自然湿地以及盐场和养殖场等半人工湿地，主要分布在青云河口以北的黄海岸段以及渤海的金普湾和长兴岛周边区域，总面积超过1 400 km2[1]。大连市鸟类资源也十分丰富，有鸟类367种，在国内仅次于秦皇岛市（504种）、成都市（440种）、内蒙古自治区（430种）和北京市（420种）[2]，是我国鸟类的主要分布区和栖息地，也是东北亚鸟类迁徙通道的重要驿站[3-4]。……