涂德华 张鑫

摘要：为了提高塑料饮料瓶回收率，减少环境污染，满足循环经济的要求，对比分析了国内外塑料饮料瓶的回收体系及主要差异。在现有的塑料饮料瓶回收体系中，无论我国的后端处理体系、欧美国家的饮料瓶押金体系、日本的法律强制及全员参与回收体系，都存在社会投入额外的人力和资金现象。满足“污染者付费”原则的饮料瓶押金体系也存在天然的缺陷，即生产商扩大生产的愿望与环境污染减量化、无害化要求的冲突。建立“受益者付费”原则的塑料饮料瓶回收体系，可迫使第一责任人饮料生产商主动承担塑料饮料瓶的回收，并尽其所能的寻找并执行最优的塑料饮料瓶回收方案。甚至饮料生产商在回收成本的压力下，会采用完全可降解、无环保危害的饮料包装方案，从根本上解决包装污染问题。

关键词：塑料;饮料瓶;回收;受益者付费;污染者付费

中图分类号：X196 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-672X（2019）06-000-03

DOI：10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2019.06.001

Abstract：In order to improve recovery rate of plastic beverage bottle and reduce environment pollution to meet requirement of circular economy， compare difference of plastic beverage bottle recycling systems at home and abroad. All current plastic beverage bottle recycling systems need society or government pay extra man power and capital. For example， back end processing in China & beverage bottle deposit system in Europe and U.S.A & law enforcement and full participation in the recovery system in Japan. There is a natural defect in beverage bottle deposit system based on ‘Polluter pays principle， it is conflict between beverage manufacturer want enlarge business and environmental pollution reduction & innocuity. The beverage bottle recycling system based on‘Beneficiary pays principle can compel beverage manufacturer take the initiative and assume responsibility for recovery of plastic bottle. Then compel them do their best to find & execute optimal plastic beverage bottle recycling system. With pressure of recovery cost， even beverage manufacture can adopt completely biodegradable or no environmental hazard beverage package， so solve the problem of packaging pollution fundamentally.

Keywords：Plastic; Beverage bottle; Recycle; Beneficiary pays; Polluter pays

進入20世纪后，琳琅满目的饮料逐渐成为了生活中必不可少的一部分，在饮料刚刚进入人们生活时，多使用可以重复利用的玻璃瓶罐装。20世纪70年代，随着聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET，简称聚酯）进入饮料行业，其具有成本低、质量轻、阻隔性好、强度高、耐酸碱、饮用方便、使用安全性高、较好的环保节能性、生产能耗仅为玻璃瓶的41%～64%等优点，现在大多数饮料厂已不再使用玻璃瓶罐装饮料[1]。近几十年，人们对健康生活的期望，担忧地表、地下水污染和自来水的质量，也使瓶装水的用量逐年增加，并由此产生了大量的废弃塑料饮料瓶。……