梁喜 凯文

摘 要：针对目前不合理的废旧产品回收以及物流活动产生的碳排放污染，提出了一种考虑环保客户聚类与产品回收的两级闭环物流网络选址路径优化模型。首先，结合实际物流网络的动态性假设客户需求量和回收率的不确定性特征，以最小运营成本和最小环境影响为目标建立选址路径优化模型;其次，对多目标进化算法进行改进，提出了考虑客户聚类结果的两级物流设施选址路径问题求解算法;最后，对该优化算法进行算法性能分析，并以重庆市某企业为例进行了模型和算法验证。结果表明，所建立的模型和算法能有效降低决策难度并提高物流系统的运作效率，所求出的优化方案能减少物流运作成本和降低物流运输过程对环境的影响。

关键词：闭环物流;选址路径优化;产品回收;客户聚类;遗传算法

中图分类号： TP301.6

文献标志码：A

Abstract： With regard to unreasonable waste collection and considerable environmental pollution due to logistics activities， a two-echelon closed-loop logistics network location-routing optimization model based on customer clustering and product recovery was proposed. Firstly， considering the dynamic nature of actual logistics network， the uncertain characteristics of customer demand and recovery rate were assumed， and location-routing optimization model based on minimum operating cost and minimum environmental impact was established. Secondly， based on improvement of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm， an algorithm for two-echelon closed-loop logistics network location-routing optimization model based on customer clustering and product recovery was proposed. Finally， the performance of the proposed optimization algorithm was analyzed and a practical experimentation of model and algorithm was conducted on the location-routing problem of a company in Chongqing city. Analyses show that the proposed model and algorithm can alleviate the final decision difficulty and improve operational efficiency of the logistics system while the optimization scheme obtained can reduce total cost and environmental impact.

Key words： closed-loop logistics; location-routing optimization; product recovery; customer clustering; genetic algorithm

0 引言

自工業革命以来，大建筑物的兴起和经济的繁荣引起大量城镇乡村居民向周边城市的移民活动，而随着城市总人口的增长，现代供应管理也面临着巨大的挑战。从原材料采购到最终客户签收，每个供应链环节的效率对企业经济资源、客户体验、政府机构的认可等因素都具有一定的影响，并且要求生产和物流企业保持一定的运作效率并定期采取改善业务的措施。然而，随着城市交通运输网络的复杂化程度提高，物流活动作为供应链管理的重要组成部分也需要优化网络以便提高效率。……