江西安远县第一中学 蔡新发

核心感知·素养解读

“家庭、朋友和周围的人”是高中英语课程标准中的重要话题之一，也是高考热点主题之一。其内容包括本人、家人、邻居、同学、老师、朋友和其他人的情况介绍，情况介绍会涉及人物的姓名、年龄、生日、出生地、居住地址、电话号码、电子邮箱、职业、品格、性格、习惯、心理特征、意志品质、成绩或者成就等方面。同时还会涉及球星、影星、同时代出现在各领域的名人、科学家、领袖人物、历史人物及他们的趣闻逸事等。从体裁上看有记叙文和应用文，其中应用文包括书信、日记、通知、演讲稿等。

在写作过程中考生选材要有代表性，要做到精炼、感人，不拖泥带水。同时要注意“5W 1H”的原则，注意上下文的人称和时态要保持一致。可以采用顺叙、倒叙或者插叙等记叙方法进行写作。

写前搜索·语库构建

◇常用词汇

parentn.父亲；母亲

fathern.父亲；爸爸

mothern.母亲；妈妈

brothern.兄弟；哥哥；弟弟

sistern.姐妹；姐姐；妹妹

grandparentn.祖父母；外祖父母

grandfathern.（外）祖父；爷爷

grandmothern.（外）祖母；奶奶

granddaughtern.（外）孙女

grandsonn.（外）孙子

father-in-lawn.岳父；公公

mother-in-lawn.岳母；婆婆

brother-in-lawn.姐（妹）夫；小叔子

sister-in-lawn.（夫或妻的）姐妹；嫂子；弟媳

stepfathern.继父

stepmothern.继母

couplen.夫妇；情侣

singlen.单身者adj.单身的

malen.男性adj.男性的

femalen.女性adj.女性的

generationn.代；一代人

offspringn.后代；后辈

ancestorn.祖先

housewifen.家庭主妇

cousinn.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹

relativen.亲属；亲戚

nephewn.侄子；外甥

niecen.侄女；外甥女

unclen.叔；伯；舅；姑父；姨父

auntn.婶；伯母；舅妈；姑妈；姨

hostn.主人；节目主持人

hostessn.女主人

briden.新娘

bridegroomn.新郎

partnern.合伙人；同伴

fellown.同事；同辈

companionn.同伴；旅伴；伴侣

strangern.陌生人

headteachern.校长

neighbourn.邻居；邻人

acquaintancen.熟人；认识的人；泛泛之交

roommaten.室友；舍友

penpaln.笔友

netpaln.网友

seniorn.年长者；高年级学生

juniorn.年幼的儿子；小学生

eldern.长辈；长老

adultn.成年人

teenagern.青少年

colleaguen.同事；同僚

presidentn.总统；董事长；主席

chairmann.主席

accompanyv.陪同；陪伴

anxietyn.担忧；焦虑

anxiousadj.忧虑的；焦急的

apologyn.道歉；歉意

apologizev.道歉；谢罪

arguev.争辩；争论

argumentn.争辩；争论

benefitn.福利；益处v.使受益

beneficialadj.有利的；有帮助的；有用的

comfortn.安慰；慰藉

comfortableadj.舒适的；安逸的

considerv.思考；考虑

considerationn.思考；考虑

considerateadj.体贴的

conversationn.对话

persuadev.说服；劝说

promisen.&v.答应；允诺

promotev.促进；推动；促销

reasonv.推理；推论；推断n.理由；原因

reputationn.名声；名誉

sensitiveadj.敏感的；易生气的

quarreln.&v.争吵；吵架

conflictn.冲突

barriern.屏障；障碍

tensionn.紧张局势

complainv.抱怨

embarrassv.使尴尬

misunderstandv.误会；误解

appreciatev.欣赏；感激

associatev.联系

respectv.&n.尊重

respectfuladj.恭敬的；有礼貌的

sharev.分享

cooperatev.合作

congratulatev.祝贺

abandonv.抛弃；舍弃；放弃

gratefuladj.感激的

sincereadj.真诚的

mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的

modestadj.谦虚的；谦逊的

enthusiasticadj.热情的

preciousadj.珍贵的

reliableadj.可信赖的

patientadj.有耐心的

admirableadj.值得赞赏的；可钦佩的

friendlyadj.友好的

◇常用短语

adopted son养子

foster father养父

know sb well熟知某人

make friendswith sb和某人交朋友

make up和解

be loyal to sb对某人忠诚

be ready to help others乐于助人

be concerned for/about对……担心

be in harmony with...与……和谐/协调一致

be on good termswith sb与某人关系好

be admitted to/into被……录取

be famous athome and abroad国内外闻名

be bored with厌烦

be fed up with饱受；厌烦

be considered to be被认为是

speak highly of高度赞扬

major in主修

be determined to do决心做

go aboard for further study出国深造

get higher education接受更高的教育

receive a doctor's degree获得博士学位

graduate from从……毕业

share...with...与……分享

depend/rely on依靠；相信；信赖

have...in common有……共同之处

fit in with与……相适应/相融洽

congratulations to sb on sth在某事上祝贺某人

get on/along wellwith sb与某人相处融洽

look after/take care of照顾

look down on/upon看不起；轻视

communicate with与……交流

show off炫耀

stick to坚持

turn to sb for help向某人求助

keep in touch with与……保持联系

break up分手；解散；结束

make great progress取得很大的进步

devote oneself to致力于

achieve our dream of实现我们……的梦想

serve as担任……工作

have aword with sb和某人说句话

havewordswith sb与某人发生口角

blame sb for sth因某事责备某人

be to blame for sth对……负责

have a good knowledge of了解；精通

have a prejudice against对……有偏见

set a good example to给……树立好榜样

bother sb about/with sth使某人为……烦恼

consult sb about sth向某人咨询某事

forgive sb for sth原谅某人某事

have a better understanding of sth对某事有更好的理解

be awarded the title of被授予……的称号

have a gift for有……的天赋

◇常用句式

1.It was not until Iwas chosen asmonitor of my class in my senior middle school that I realized the importance of cooperating with others.直到上高中我被选为班长时我才意识到与他人合作的重要性。

2.It is(was)the first time that I has(had)had a better understanding of the development ofmodern Western art.这是我第一次对现代西方艺术有了更好的理解。

3.Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn't make a forest.”Our success is based on cooperating with others.正如谚语所言，“独木难成林。”我们的成功是建立在与他人合作的基础上的。

4.My cousin regarded the diary as her best friend,and in it she revealed her desire for a normal life.我的堂妹把日记当作最好的朋友，在日记中她表达了对过上正常生活的渴望。

5.We should be kind to one another,which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐的生活是必要的。

6.He wonders whether it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.他在想是否因为她的朋友对她很关心，所以她的心情才得以平复下来。

7.With friendship,life is happy and harmonious.Without friendship,life is hostile and unfortunate.拥有友谊，生活就会快乐又和谐；没有友谊，生活就会充满敌意与不幸。

8.I find it an honor for me to have the chance to study with somany excellent students,some warm-hearted,some diligent and some kind.有机会和这么多优秀的同学一起学习我觉得非常荣幸，这些同学有的非常热心，有的非常勤奋，还有的非常善良。

9.Therefore,we should keep calm nomatter what happens in the future.Only in thisway can we deal with things correctly and maintain our friendship.因此，不管将来发生什么事情我们都应该保持冷静，只有用这种方式我们才能恰当地处理问题并维护好我们的友谊。

10.As is known to us all,children spend less time having heart-to-heart talks with their parentswhen they grow older.众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们与父母进行知心交谈的时间更少了。

11.Aswe all know,making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships,and build a harmonious society.众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。

12.I hope we can stay in touch with each other so that we can communicate with each other to know more about Chinese and British culture.我希望我们之间能保持联系，这样我们就可以相互交流，从而了解更多中国和英国的文化。

◇经典语段

1.It is a common scene to see parentswaiting for their children at the school gate or sending their children to school.The reasons are obvious.First of all,parents are concerned about their children's safety.They think it is not safe for children to go to school on their own,especially at rush hour.Secondly,some children live too far away from school,so they have to use cars to get home.Besides,some parents are worried that their childrenmay go to an Internet bar or play with their friends on the way home.经常可以看到父母在校门口等孩子或者送孩子上学，原因是显而易见的。首先，父母担心孩子的安全，他们认为孩子自己去上学不安全，特别是在交通高峰期。其次，有一些孩子住的离校较远，家长得开车去接送他们。另外，有些父母担心孩子在放学路上会去网吧或者跟朋友玩耍。

2.After a brief introduction,the craftsman created a dough figurine skillfully.Eyes wide open,we watched him with enthusiasm.Looking at the vivid dough figurine,we couldn't wait to give it a go.Under the patient instruction of the craftsman,I accomplished a dough figurine in a few minutes,and so did my classmates.简单介绍之后，面人艺术家娴熟地捏了一个面人。我们饶有兴趣地看着，眼睛睁得大大的。看着这栩栩如生的面人，我们迫不及待地想要试着捏一个。在他的耐心指导下，我几分钟便捏了一个，我的同学也捏成了面人。

3.Last Saturday,Iwent to the Olympic Forest Park with my parents to take part in an activity called “IWalk,and I'm Fit”.The activity we participated in was meaningful,which gave me a great deal of inspiration.Early in the morning,hardly had we arrived at the registra-tion place when we signed our names immediately.Seeing the sea of people doing warm-up exercises,we couldn't wait to join them.Soon afterwards,a signal was given off and we went along the walking route,which ran around the park.It seemed that no one wanted to be left behind.Thinking of that,I couldn't help walking faster than ever.More than one hour later,our effort paid off.We won first prize.How delighted wewere!上星期六，我和父母参加了奥林匹克森林公园举行的“健步走”活动。这项活动意义非凡，给了我许多灵感。一大早，我们一到达报到处就立刻签到。看到大家都在做热身运动，我们也迫不及待地加入了他们。不久后，发令枪声响了，我们沿着绕公园的路线行进。所有人都争先恐后，想到这一点，我情不自禁地加快了步伐。一个多小时后，我们的付出终于有了回报。我们获得了第一名。我们多高兴啊！

典题链接·语篇速成

假定你是红星中学高三 （1）班的学生李华，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇周记。记述你和父母一起为爷爷过生日的过程。

注意：词数100左右。

◇内容分析

本文要求考生看图叙事，描述全家人为爷爷过生日的过程。本文人称为第一人称，时态以一般过去时为主，偶尔也会用过去完成时和一般将来时。文章可分三部分来写：

1.开头：简介。上周周日是爷爷的生日，全家都做好了计划为他庆祝生日。

2.故事发展：以时间为主线，按时间顺序，分别描述每幅图的要点和细节，注意衔接与过渡。图一：和父母去商场挑选毛衣，作为生日礼物送给爷爷。图二：回到家后，在母亲的帮助下，给爷爷做生日蛋糕。图三：晚上，一家人给爷爷庆祝生日，一起吃蛋糕和祝福爷爷。图四：吃完蛋糕后，一家人合影留念。

3.结尾：得到的启示或者体会。自己能为爷爷做点事情的心情及对爷爷最美好的祝愿。

◇实用的短语与句式

give a surprise to sb给某人一个惊喜plan to do计划做

make a birthday cake做生日蛋糕get together团聚give one's bestwishes to sb向某人致以最美好的祝愿

take photos拍照

I feel greatly delighted that...我为……感到非常高兴

◇满分作文欣赏

Last Sunday wasmy grandfather's birthday.My parents and I had planned to do something for him.

Early in themorning,we went to a shop to buy a sweater as a present for my grandfather.After we got home,we decided to give a surprise to my grandfather,so Imade a birthday cake with the help of my mother.In the evening,we gathered to celebrate his birthday.We had the birthday cake and gave our best wishes to my grandfather.After that,we took photos to record thewonderfulmoment.

I feel very delighted that I have done something formy grandfather.Ihopemy grandfather will live a happy life every day.

主题实践·语用检测

最近你校准备举行“最美老师”的评选活动，你受学生会的委托给校英文报写一则通知，内容包括：

1.评选时间和地点；

2.评选标准；

3.其他事宜。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

写中导引·技能点拨

◇审题谋篇

1.体裁：本文为一篇______；

2.时态：本文时态以______和______为主；

3.人称：本文人称主要为______和______。

◇素材提炼

1.举行活动______________________________

2.有丰富的知识__________________________

3.致力于_________________________________

4.教育事业______________________________

5.伸出援助之手__________________________

6.期待；期盼_____________________________

◇核心要点

1.本周五，我校将举行“最美教师”的评选活动。This Friday,an activity called Selection of the Most Beautiful Teachers _____________.

2.要求每个学生在纸上写下自己最喜欢的老师。Every student should _____________on a piece of paper.

3.你在评选自己最喜欢的老师时可以遵循以下原则。when you choose your fa

vorite teacher.

4.你评选的老师不仅要学识渊博，热爱教学事业，还要拥有良好的教学方法，乐于助人。

The teachers should have _____________.They should also have good teaching methods and be happy to help others.

5.班长收齐调查表，并统计好结果后，把结果交到学生会。

Themonitorsaresupposed tocollectallthepaper,countup the result,and then ____________.

◇连句成篇

Notice

写后导思·反思提升

◇语言升级

1.The teachers should have rich knowledge and they love teaching.（用not only...but also...改写）

______________________have rich knowledge but they also love teaching.

2.The monitors are supposed to collect all the paper and count up the result.After that,they should hand in the result to the Student Union.（用It's high time that句式改写）

After the paper is collected,it's high time that________________________and hand in the result to the Student Union.

◇高阶作文

Notice