郑玉忠 杜颖青 杨培奎 庄东红 张素玲 林淑芳 张振霞

摘 要：粤东地区柿品种丰富，本文通过实地考查，选择8个粤东代表性柿品种为材料，通过考察叶、芽、花、果、種子的30个生物学性状，以及果中可溶性糖、维生素C、黄酮、单宁含量等理化性状，对粤东柿资源的多样性进行评估。结果显示，所选八个品种的生物性状、理化性状有明显差异。其中，八个柿品种在叶型、花型和果型上均有较大的差异，呈现出丰富的多样性;果实成熟期跨度为9～11月;大红柿的单宁和黄酮含量相比较为较低水平，可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量最高，而野山柿两个品种与之相反。本研究结果证实了粤东地区存在丰富的柿果资源，还需要对其进行深入的调研、评估和保存。

关键词：柿;生物学性状;理化性状;粤东地区

中图分类号：S571  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1004-3020（2019）03-0050-04

Abstract：In Eastern Guangdong， Diospyros has abundant germplasm resources. Based on on-the-spot investigation， eight kinds of representative persimmon cultivars were chose to evaluate the diversity of the persimmon resources. Evaluation factors included 30 biological characters of leaves， buds， flowers， fruits， seeds， and fruit soluble sugar， vitamin C， flavonoids， tannin and other physicochemical properties. The results showed that there were significant differences in the biological， physical and chemical properties of eight persimmon varieties. Among them， eight persimmon varieties had large differences in leaf shape， flower shape and fruit shape; fruit maturation period spanned from September to November. The flavonoid content and tannin content of big-red persimmon were lower than other persimmons， its soluble sugar content and vitamin C content were highest than other persimmons. The big-red persimmons results were the complete opposite of wild persimmons. The result indicated the rich persimmon resources in Eastern Guangdong and make further investigation， evaluation and preservation in the future.

Key words：Diospyros; The eastern region of Guangdong; biological characters; physicochemical properties

柿Diospyros kaki为柿科柿属植物，原产于中国长江流域及华南地区，已有3 000多年栽培历史[1]。柿果自古被誉为“果中圣品”，南朝《名医别录》道：“柿果主治咳嗽、咽喉干痛、吐血、热渴和口疮”，收录于2010版中国药典[2]。我国拥有丰富的柿资源，目前柿资源调查只占总量的50%左右，通过鉴定的不到30%，调查主要集中在陕西、湖北、浙江等地，对广东等亚热带地区调查较少[3]。

广东省是柿原产地之一，而粤东潮汕地区又是广东省重要的资源分布区。粤东地区自然条件适宜，长期以来民间培育和保留了许多优质柿种质资源。但是，近年来受到其他水果的冲击，粤东柿种植区日益萎缩，优良品种选育或栽种也局限于小范围内，得不到有效的开发和保护。……