性激素在视神经疾病中的研究进展
2019-07-06李艳霞聂圣琼牛灵芝郑雅娟
李艳霞?聂圣琼?牛灵芝?郑雅娟
【摘要】近年来,性激素在视神经疾病中所起的作用越来越受到关注。例如雌激素可减轻青光眼患者的视神经损伤并且有一定程度的降眼压作用,血清孕酮水平的降低与非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变密切相关,男性相对更易患Leber遗传性视神经病变,以及多发硬化相关性视神经炎的复发率存在性别差异等,提示性激素在视神经疾病中扮演重要角色。该文就性激素在视神经疾病中的作用及其机制进行综述。
【关键词】性激素;视神经疾病;青光眼;Leber遗传性视神经病变;
非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变;多发硬化相关性视神经炎
Research progress on sex hormones in optic nerve diseases Li Yanxia, Nie Shengqiong, Niu Lingzhi,Zheng Yajuan. Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
Corresponding author, Zheng Yajuan, E-mail: zhengyajuan124@ 126. com
【Abstract】In recent years, the role of sex hormones in optic nerve diseases has captivated increasing attention. Estrogen can mitigate optic nerve damage and exert certain effect on intraocular pressure reduction in patients with glaucoma. The decrease of serum progesterone level is closely correlated with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Men are relatively more susceptible to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy than female counterparts. Gender differences exist in the recurrence rate of multiple sclerosis-associated optic neuritis. All these factors prompt that sex hormones play a pivotal role in optic nerve diseases. In this article, the role and mechanism of sex hormones in optic nerve diseases were reviewed.
【Key words】Sex hormone;Optic nerve disease;Glaucoma;Leber hereditary optic neuropathy;
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy;
Multiple sclerosis-associated optic neuritis
Nuzzi等[1]發现性激素与视功能之间存在密切关系,认为“眼睛无性别”已是过时的观点。基础研究已经证实视网膜中存在雄激素、雌激素和孕激素的受体。另外据流行病学统计,女性相对易患闭角型青光眼,而开角型青光眼在男性中更为普遍,Leber遗传性视神经病变也好发于男性。亦有研究发现雌激素在视神经保护方面发挥重要作用,提示性激素可能参与了眼部疾病尤其是视神经疾病的发生和发展 。本文就性激素在视神经疾病中的作用及其机制进行综述。
一、性激素作用于视网膜的生物学基础
通常,性激素包括雌激素、孕激素和雄激素,性激素都是类固醇激素,且有相同的生物合成途径:以胆固醇为前体,通过侧链的缩短,先产生21碳的孕酮或孕烯醇酮,继而去侧链后衍变为19碳的雄激素,再通过A环芳香化而生成18碳的雌激素。……
