语法填空题专题导练

2019-06-21李华军

广东教育·高中 2019年6期

李华军

从最近三年高考真题来看，全国Ⅰ卷的考情如下表所示：

注意：全国Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷与上述规律有出入。

建议考全国Ⅰ卷的考生将以上表格背熟，然后每次做语法填空题之前都将此表默写出来，然后再开始做题，即“先列考点再做题”。

助记：

纯空题：纯空就考连介冠（与“廉洁官”大致同音）。

给词题：名词复数考1题，谓非谓转比较级。

其它：纯空宾语填it，给了it填its。（即若纯空处于宾语的位置，就填it）

特别提醒：以上考点是据已考高考题总结的，但在今年或今后的高考中，可能因所选命题材料的不同会出现新的情况。因此，在考场中要从实际出发，既要了解规律，但又不要拘于规律。

高考真题回顾

2018年全國Ⅰ卷

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal， runners live three years 61 （long）than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 （see）the benefit. You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 （die）early by running.

While running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it 64 （be）more effective at lengthening life 65 walking， cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 （cause）.

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... its probably running. To avoid knee pain， you can run on soft surfaces， do exercises to 68 （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap， easy and its always 69 （energy）. If you are time poor， you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports， so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

2017年全国Ⅰ卷

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend， which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease， has had some unintended side 62 （effect）such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 （process）the food that we eat， to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 （remove）from food， the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 （bad）， the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 （be）full of fat and salt; by 68 （eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However， be 69 （care）not to go to extremes. Like anything， it is possible to have too much of both， 70 is not good for the health.

2016年全國I卷

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asias biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top 61 （attract）.

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow， I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 （official）given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit， I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 （it）mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.

2015年全国I卷

Yangshuo， China

It was raining lightly when I 61 （arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 62 ， Id been at home in Hong Kong， with 63 （it）choking smog. Here， the air was clean and fresh， even with the rain.

Id skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 （painting）. Instead， Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin， its only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo 67 （be）really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it 69 （regular）arranges quick getaways here for people 70 （live）in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

2014年全國I卷

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？

In 1969， the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland， Ohio. It 61 （be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 （actual）caught fire and burned. Now， years later， this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 （reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 （clean）than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation， dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately？

While there are 68 （amaze）stories of instant transformation， for most of us the 69 （change）are gradual and require a lot of effort and work， like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 （patience）.

各市模拟题精选

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。

（一）

（2019届四川内江二诊）A few years ago， after a long morning of sightseeing in New York， my children and I took a breath on a park bench in Central Park.

“Look！”my son said， 1 （point）to a nearby dustbin. Thats when we saw our first raccoon（浣熊）. He paid us no attention， concentrating only on looking for a 2 （tast）lunch. He sorted through a few options before finding a wrapped sandwich.

Satisfied， he jumped down with 3 held carefully between his paws and 4 （casual）went to a spot on the path， not a meter from 5 we sat. The children were strongly attracted by the raccoon that provided 6 （good）entertainment for them， of course， including me， than any museum.

He glanced at us， perhaps 7 （make）sure that we werent about to take away his lunch. With his delicate 8 （finger）， he tore up the plastic wrap. Then， he surprised us all. Instead of starting his food， he turned to a nearby small pool of rainwater and 9 （dip） his hands in. With an elegant air， he washed his hands underwater 10 a moment， and then cleaned his whiskers（胡須）. After that， he turned back and started enjoying his meal like a gentleman.

（二）

（2019届福建泉州一模）Hunter Adams spent many years in a special hospital for people with mental health problems， and he was unhappy. When he left hospital， he went to Medical School in Virginia， USA， where he did things in a 1 （difference）way. For example， when he visited his patients， he wore shirts with 2 （flower）on them in an effort to make them laugh.He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital， putting a special red nose on his face to look 3 a clown（小丑）.

Adams believed that people in hospital need 4 （much）than medicine， trying 5 （help）them not only as patients， but also as people. When he finished medical school， he opened his own hospital called“The Gesundheit Institute”. He wanted 6 to be a place with a special way of 7 （communicate）with sick people.

In 1998， Universal Pictures 8 （produce）a film about Hunter Adams. It was very successful. In the film， Robin Williams played Adams. Williams said，“Hunter is a 9 （true）warm person， believing that patients need a doctor 10 is a friend. I enjoyed playing him.”

（三）

（2019屆河北邯郸一模）In his book， Intentional Living， author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976， he received a gift from one of his 1 （assistant）. As he unwrapped the gift， he saw that it was a book named The Greatest Story Ever Told. He couldnt wait 2 （read）it.

But when he opened the book， he was 3 （astonish）to see that the pages were blank. Inside the book was 4 note that said，“John， your life is before you. Fill these pages with kind acts and good thoughts of your heart. Write a great story about your life.”The intention of 5 （write）the story of his life excited him. Then， he 6 （begin）to write his book.

Every day we live out our story through our words， actions and decisions. But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what 7 （matter）most in life. Without intention， we can become unfocused in things 8 neednt add to a life of significance and difference in our world.

Life isnt perfect and its always hard， so we need reminders in our life 9 afriend， author， blogger， pastor or our inner spirit to refocus us on the things that matter and make us live 10 （positive）.

（四）

（2019屆河北石家庄质检）A material can be really special when it was named after the place 1 it was created originally. Thats certainly the case with “china”. And of all types of china， white porcelain（瓷）is among 2 most famous.

Nowadays， the 3 （tradition）material has taken on a modern look in the 4 （hand）of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is“modern”. One of the works 5 （be）a porcelain boat. But look 6 （attentive）and youll see that the boat 7 （build） with porcelain looks like a takeout box. Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is 8 supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage 9 the environment and that were treating life like fast food.

All the four artists gave white porcelain a modem style， each in 10 （they）own way. And this is what the exhibitions theme comes from. Its a dialogue between the past and the present.

（五）

（2019届安徽合肥第二次质检）The game of Go（围棋） is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4，000 years ago. In China， Go 1 （recognize）as“hand conversations”， through which players communicate with each other. The metaphor（比喻）first 2 （use）by a master of the Jin Dynasty， reflects the nature of the game. While scholars of his time often lost 3 （they）in philosophical（哲学的）debates on life and universe， he preferred to play Go， 4 he believed was full of hows and whys of life.

Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game： sometimes one can move forward， while at other times， one must slow down; sometimes one can 5 （direct）face the challenger， at other times one must take 6 indirect approach. Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar 7 how one might solve a difficult problem of life. The purpose of 8 （play）Go is not just to win but also to seek 9 （wise）through the process. The players unite with each other on the board. Instead of fighting as 10 （enemy），they cooperate to play a good game. One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.

（六）

（2019届四川攀枝花二模）Since the beginning of the 21st century， artificial intelligence（AI） 1 （find）its way in different areas in the entertainment industry. Disney， which is one of the worlds leading entertainment 2 （company）， has decided to make use of the technology in its theme parks， 3 robot cartoon characters will soon walk among guests. Disney has also its robot Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck to communicate 4 tourists.

“I think AI is going to be 5 （great）important for what we do，”said Jon Snoddy， an official of the entertainment company. “Robot characters that can move around among our guests need to understand where theyre going and know 6 to behave in a world with humans.”

However， the company also 7 （know）some of the fears surrounding AI. Scaring kids wont be part of what we do，” said Mr. Snoddy.“We will go and do tests in our parks to find out what kids find 8 （interest）about these things. We will carry out tests 9 （make）sure the robot characters make a positive 10 （impress）on kids.”

（七）

（2019屆四川自贡一诊）A trend is sweeping the Internet where women are holding up pieces of A4 printer paper 1 （show）how tiny their waists are. To be narrower than a piece of A4 you need to have roughly a 25-inch waist or less， 2 is much thinner than the 35-inch average American waist， practically impossible for most human beings.

While many trends come and go， this one is particularly worrying as it is absolutely focused on weight. Reviewers have severely criticized the strange trend towards pressuring women to try to reach 3 unachievable goal， for there is no such thing as pretty enough， skinny enough， attractive enough. Even the 4 （star）of Hollywood such as Jennifer Aniston and Nicole Kidman are lack 5 confidence. It 6 （explain）why women who have cosmetic surgery（整容手术）always want to do more. Perfection does not actually exist.

Psychologists have all proven that confidence comes not from ones 7 （appear）or figure， but from knowing 8 （you）and developing your talents. In fact， 9 （spend）time focusing on your looks weakens your confidence. Everybody is beautiful， not just the thin ones， because inner beauty shines 10 （bright）than any hair， skin， or teeth.

（八）

（2019届山东青岛一模）There are many reasons 1 college and university students often fail to get full nights of sleep. They might not be used to having total 2 （free）in how they plan their 3 （day）and nights. Parties， late night study meetings， or just time spent relaxing 4 friends—these are all things that cut into college students sleep habits.

A few years ago， Michael Scullin began teaching the science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco， Texas. Scullin is 5 assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He says his students seemed to enjoy the class and 6 （be）interested in the material he was teaching. The class centered round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 7 （cause）by a lack of sleep. This includes difficulty focusing on studies or 8 （control）ones emotions， and increased risk of many diseases.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours of sleep a night to stay 9 （health）. Scullin found students who slept more performed 10 （good） in two different classes， and he published his findings in two academic publications last November.

（九）

（2019屆河省六市一模）There are many great destinations in the UK， one of 1 is the South-West of England. The most popular regions surrounding the South-West 2 （be）the counties of Devon and Cornwall. They are by the coast and known for having some of 3 sunniest weather in the UK.

In the heart of the South-West， Dartmoor National Park 4 （vote）the UKs favourite in 2016. There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from which will lead you 5 （discover）Dartmoors ancient and rugged（崎嶇的）charm！

In the South-West you will find plenty of attractive and often deserted 6 （beach）. Some examples include Whitesand Bay in Cornwall and Woolacombe beach in Devon. If you dont mind the 7 （slight）cooler temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe， you are in for a real treat！

Apart from being surrounded by 8 （beauty）nature， the South-West is full of urban gems（精华）. The city of Exeter in Devon has great centers， as well as lots of cafes 9 pubs. Cornwall has its own treasures too—pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole line the coastline， and make for the perfect locations to spend those 10 （relax）summer afternoons！

（十）

（2019届云南一检）Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） has been around 1 thousands of years. It is said that there are three emperors 2 played a significant role in the history of TCM.

First， Fu Xi discovered the flow between heaven and earth which he reflected in the principles of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang theory 3 （be）the concept of two opposite but complementary（互补）forces that shape all life. He also invented acupuncture（针灸）. Second， Shen Nong 4 （regard）as the founder of Chinese herbal medicine even today. In order to determine the nature of differen therbs， he tasted various kinds of 5 （plant），testing their individual effects. Third， Huang Di is associated with Huang Di Nei Jing， which is the 6 （early）and most important written record of TCM. It lays a foundation for the theories of Chinese medicine.

TCM has made a great 7 （contribute）to the health of Chinese people， and it has become an independent medical system in world medical field. Since 8 founding of the Peoples Republic of China， the Chinese government has attached great importance to TCM， 9 （make）policies to promote its development. TCM is now becoming 10 （wide）accepted in the world.

（十一）

（2019年河南省新乡市二模改编）There are two kinds of parents in modern America， says Alison Gopnik in her recent book， The Gardener and the Carpenter. The“carpenter”thinks that his or her child can 1 （shape）. The idea is that if you just do the right things， get the right skills and read the right books， youre going to have the ability 2 （turn）your child into a particular kind of adult. The“gardener”，on the other hand， is less concerned about controlling who the child will become，

3 provides a protected space for the child to explore.

Gopnik， a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California， Berkeley， spent decades 4 （research）childrens development and found that parents often focus too much 5 their childrens future. The harm is that parents and their children may become 6 （anxiety）， tense or unhappy. These parents should really reflect on 7 （they）.

“Were so concerned about what these 8 （child）are going to be that were unwilling to give them the autonomy to take risks and explore 9 （world）”she says. Ironically， the 10 （little）parents worry about outcomes， the better their children may live in life.