李继明 李蓓 戴梓宁

【摘 要】 目的：探討影响无偿献血者再次献血的相关因素及招募策略。方法：在2016年7月至2018年9月期间无偿献血者600例作研究对象：将献血一次后未再次献血者设为对照组（n=351），将再次献血者设为研究组（n=249）;应用问卷调查方式分析无偿献血知识掌握情况、献血意愿和动机对无偿献血者再次献血的影响，采取统计学软件比较临床数据，并对此提出无偿献血招募策略。结果：①研究组献血者中具有自愿无偿献血意愿者比率高于对照组（x2=18.216，P=0.000），拒绝再次无偿献血意愿的比率低于对照组（x2=25.088，P=0.000），②研究组中因方便自己用血、单位规定而作无偿献血者献血行为者比率低于对照组（x2=51.595、40.781，P=0.000），因社会荣誉而献血者比率高于对照组（x2=44.124，P=0.000）;③研究组献血中有无偿献血不影响健康、得知无需进补、知道献血隔半年认知者比率高于对照组（x2=6.144、6.588、7.939，P=0.065），而知道自我排除者比率低于对照组（x2=66.559，P=0.000）。结论：无偿献血知识掌握情况、献血意愿和动机均可影响无偿献血者再次献血，加强无偿献血相关知识宣教、保留主要献血团体，对于招募无偿献血队伍有重大裨益。

【关键词】 无偿献血;再次献血;相关因素;招募策略;知识宣教

【中图分类号】R192.6

【文献标志码】A

【文章编号】1005-0019（2019）12-022-02

Abstract Objective：to explore the related factors and recruitment strategies affecting the second blood donation of unpaid blood donors. Methods： from July 2016 to September 2018， 600 cases of unpaid blood donors were studied. Those who did not donate blood again after the first donation were set as the control group （n=351）， and those who donated blood again were set as the research group （n=249）. Questionnaire survey was used to analyze the influence of knowledge， willingness and motivation of blood donation on the second blood donation of unpaid blood donors. Statistical software was used to compare clinical data， and the recruitment strategy of unpaid blood donation was proposed. Results： （1） the ratio of the team in a voluntary unpaid blood donors to blood donation willingness is higher than the control group （2 = 18.216， P = 0.000）， refused to the will of unpaid blood donation again ratio is lower than the control group （2 = 25.088， P = 0.000）， （2） convenient for their blood， unit in team， and the ratio of unpaid blood donors blood donation behavior is lower than the control group （2 = 51.595， 40.781， P = 0.000）， blood donors by social honor ratio is higher than the control group （2 = 44.124， P = 0.000）. （3） In the study group， the percentages of those who donated blood without compensation without affecting their health， knew that they did not need supplement and knew that the interval between half a year was higher than those in the control group. （x2=6.144， 6.588， 7.939， P=0.065），The rate of knowing self-exclusion was lower than that of the control group （x2=66.559， P=0.000）. Conclusion：the knowledge of blood donation without compensation， willingness and motivation of blood donation can all influence unpaid blood donors to donate blood again. Strengthening the education of knowledge related to blood donation without compensation and retaining the main blood donation groups are of great benefit to the recruitment of unpaid blood donation teams.

Key words：voluntary blood donation; Second blood donation; Related factors; Recruitment strategy; Knowledge education

无偿献血，指的是自愿将自身血液无偿奉献于需要输血治疗者，属于社会公益事业[1]。据报道[2]，无偿献血会受献血者意愿、动机、知识掌握程度而受影响。为验证上述观点正确性，开展了本次分组对照试验，分析影响无偿献血者再次献血的相关因素，并据此提出招募策略，现报道如下。……