吴冕　孙墨珑

摘要：采用超声波辅助乙醇浸提法对核桃楸外果皮的总蒽醌进行提取。在单因素试验的基础上，通过响应面法，采用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对各因素进行回归拟合，确定最佳提取条件，并对核桃楸外果皮提取物进行抗氧化性研究。响应面法得到最佳提取条件为：乙醇体积分数75%、超声温度45 ℃、液料比15∶1、超声时间45 min;在最优提取条件下测得核桃楸外果皮总蒽醌的提取率为3.25 mg/g。抗氧化性研究结果表明，外果皮中总蒽醌提取物对羟基自由基、亚硝酸根离子和超氧阴离子均表现出显著的清除效果;对3种自由基的清除能力强弱顺序为：羟基自由基>超氧阴离子>亚硝酸根离子，总蒽醌提取物对3种自由基的清除能力整体强于对照品抗坏血酸，表明核桃楸外果皮总蒽醌提取物具有较强的抗氧化性，是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。

关键词：核桃楸外果皮;响应面法;总蒽醌;抗氧化

中图分类号：S792;R285文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-8023（2019）03-0048-06

Extraction of Total Anthraquinones from Green Peel of

Juglans mandshurica Maxim and Its Antioxidant Activity

WU Mian， SUN Molong*

（College of Science， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040）

Abstract：Total anthraquinones were extracted from green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim by ultrasonic with ethanol extraction. On the basis of single factor test and response surface method， regression fitting of each factor was carried out by using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software. The optimum extraction conditions were determined by the response surface method， and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was also studied. The extraction condition was determined： 75% volume fraction of ethanol， the temperature was 45 ℃， the ratio of liquid to material was 15∶1， ultrasonic time was 45 min. Total anthraquinone from green peel of Juglans mandshurica was 3.25 mg g-1. The results of antioxidation study showed that total anthraquinone from green peel of Juglans mandshurica had obvious scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical， nitrite ion and superoxide anion. The order of its ability to scavenge the three kinds of free radical was hydroxyl radical > superoxide anion > nitrite ion. The scavenging ability of anthraquinone on these three free radicals was stronger than that of ascorbic acid. This showed that the anthraquinone had strong antioxidant activity and was a good natural antioxidant.

Keywords：Green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim; response surface methodology; total anthraquinone; antioxidant

0引言

核桃楸（Juglans mandshurica Maxim）又名山核桃或胡桃楸，為胡桃科胡桃属落叶乔木，主要分布于我国东北、华北等地区，是东北阔叶红松林的重要伴生树种，也是重要的药源植物[1]。核桃楸外果皮中含有单宁、胡桃醌、α-和β-氢化胡桃叶醌等，主要成分还有黄酮类、多酚类和萘醌类物质[2-5]，具有杀虫、抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗氧化等性质[6-10]。蒽醌类化合物在植物中可游离存在，也可与糖结合成蒽苷。游离蒽醌与结合蒽醌因都含有酚羟基，能与不同的碱形成类盐物，具有消炎、抗癌及抗病毒等作用[11-13]。目前对核……