苗振坤　李芝茹　徐克生　吴立国　苏宁　满大为

摘要：为探究精量播种过程中不同参数锥型吸种孔对芽种生长情况的影响，以樟子松芽种为研究对象，用不同下孔径D（D1、D2、D3分别为3、3.5、4 mm）和不同孔深H（H1、H2、H3分别为1、1.5、2 mm）的吸种针进行芽种播种试验，记录其出苗时间、出苗率和生长情况。结果显示：不同参数组合下的锥型吸种孔播种的樟子松芽种出苗时间、出苗率和生长情况差异显著，说明吸附过程对樟子松芽种产生了损伤，影响其发育速度和对养料、水分的汲取。其中D1H2组合出苗时间最集中，出苗率（89.06%）最高，苗高（38～70 mm）、地径（0.77～0.68 mm）最大，根表现出非向地性的苗株占出苗总数比率（10.53%）最低。因此D1H2（下孔径3 mm，孔深1.5 mm）较其他参数组合的吸种孔更适宜对樟子松芽种进行精量播种。

关键词：精量播种;锥型吸种孔;樟子松芽种;生长情况

中图分类号：S723.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-8023（2019）03-0013-07

The Influence of Cone Sucking Hole on the Growth

of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Bud Seeds

MIAO Zhenkun1，2， LI Zhiru1，2， XU Kesheng1，2*， WU Liguo1，2， SU Ning1，2， MAN Dawei1，2

（1.Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery， the State Forestry and Grassland Administration， Harbin 150086;

2.Lab of Forestry Electromechanical， the State Forestry and Grassland Administration， Harbin 150086）

Abstract：In order to explore the precision sowing effect and the damage behavior of different parameters cone sucking hole on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica bud seeds， the sowing experiment with different base hole diameter D （D1， D2 and D3 were 3 mm， 3.5 mm， 4 mm） and different hole depth H （H1， H2 and H3 were 1 mm， 1.5 mm， 2 mm） were made， the seedling emergence time， emergence rate and growing states were recorded. The results showed that： the seedling emergence time， emergence rate and growing states of P. sylvestris var. mongolica bud seeds with different parameters combination of cone sucking hole had significant difference， indicating that the adsorption process made damage to the bud seeds，affecting the speed of its development and nourishment and water absorption. The combination of D1H2 had the highest time focus rate， the highest emergence rate（89.06%）， the highest seedling height（38 mm-70 mm） and the largest diameter（0.77 mm to 0.68 mm）， it also had the fewest seedlings which the root showed ageotropic（10.53 %）. Therefore， D1H2（the base hole diameter was 3 mm and depth was 1.5 mm） was the optimum parameters combination for P. sylvestris var. mongolica bud seeds seeding.

Keywords：Precise seeding; cone sucking hole; Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica bud seeds; damage behavior

0引言

林木工廠化育苗以容器育苗技术为基础，与传统的育苗方式相比：其育苗周期短、根系发达和移植成活率高，良种利用率可提高60%以上[1-4]。外部容器能保存水分，降低苗木在运输、移植过程中根系、顶芽的损伤，可维持苗木在短期内的生长，提高造林成活率[5-6]。精量播种环节是林木工厂化育苗技术的关键，研究结果表明[7-9]：通过转换气压差实现种子吸附与投放的气吸针式精量播种机[10]，对形状不规则、球度不高的种子播种效果尤为显著，并且针式吸种孔易于实现“一穴一粒”的作业需求，可通过重复播种实现“一穴多粒”。

相比于裸种，芽种的出苗率更高。……