山东 董明义

There be句型是英语中比较重要的句型之一，无论是在口语中还是在书面语中，其使用频率都是很高的。在历年的中考试题中，几乎都会以不同形式或从不同角度考查该句型。

◎句型解密

There be句型主要用来表示“某处/某时有某人/某物”。There是引导词，无实际意义；be是谓语动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

一、be的使用

1.当主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时，be的形式为is/was。例如：

There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

There was a dictionary on the desk just now.刚才桌子上有一本词典。

There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。

2.当主语是复数名词时，be的形式为are/were。例如：

There are 35 students in Class Three.三班有35名学生。

There were two balls under the desk yesterday.昨天书桌下面有两个球。

3.当主语是由and连接的两个或多个并列名词时，be应与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致，即采用“就近原则”。例如：

There is a new book and two pens in the schoolbag.书包里有一本新书和两只钢笔。

There are two pens and a new book in the schoolbag.书包里有两只钢笔和一本新书。

二、句式变化

There be句型变否定句时在be后加not，变一般疑问句时将be提到句首。如果句中有some，要把some变成any。There be句型的反意疑问句的附加问句用be（not）there。例如：

There is a purse on the desk.（改为否定句）→

There is not/isn't a purse on the desk.

There are some birds in the tree.（改为否定句）→

There are not/aren't any birds in the tree.

There were some bikes under the tree.（改为一般疑问句）→

Were there any bikes under the tree?

There are some flowers in the park.（改为一般疑问句）→

Are there any flowers in the park?

There are some newspapers on the desk.（改为反意疑问句）→

There are some newspapers on the desk，aren't there?

【知识拓展】

对There be句型中的各成分提问时，通常要按如下规律进行：

1.对主语提问。当主语是人时，用“Who+be+状语?”；当主语是物时，用“What+be+状语?”。不论原句中的主语是单数还是复数，be一般都用单数形式。例如：

There are two beds in the room.→

What's in the room?

There was a boy in the pool.→

Who was in the pool?

2.对主语前表示量的定语提问时用“How many+主语 （可数名词复数）+are/were there+状语?”或“How much+主语 （不可数名词）+is/was there+状语?”。例如：

There is only one orange in the box.→

How many oranges are there in the box?

There was a lot of coffee in the cup.→

How much coffee was there in the cup?

There is some beef in the fridge.→

How much beef is there in the fridge?

3.对地点状语提问时，用“Where+be+主语?”。例如：

There is a hotel in front of the post office.→

Where is the post office?

三、There be句型的一般将来时

There be句型的一般将来时表示“在某时或某地将有某人或某物”，其结构为“There will be+主语+状语.”或“There be going to be+主语+状语.”。 例如：

There will be a football game in our school next month.

=There is going to be a football game in our school next month.下个月我校将举行一场足球赛。

There will be two math tests this month.

=There are going to be two math tests this month.本月将有两次数学考试。

四、There be句型与have的区别

There be句型表示“某处/某时有某人/某物”，表示的是客观存在；动词have作“有”讲时，表示某人或某物本身拥有，强调主观拥有。当然，有时there be句型可与have相互转换。例如：

Tom has a watch.汤姆有一块手表。

A week has seven days.

=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。

五、There be句型的其他用法

1.There be句型的主语是人时，后面常接动词-ing形式作定语。例如：

Look！There are lots of kids playing games over there.看！有很多孩子在那边做游戏。

There are some students playing soccer on the playground.有一些学生在操场上踢足球。

2.There be句型的主语是物时，后面常接动词不定式作定语，动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：

There is much work to do this weekend.这个周末有很多工作要做。

3.There be句型中也可用各种情态动词，情态动词要放在be的前面。例如：

There must be something wrong with the car.车肯定出毛病了。

There might still be some vacant seatsin the room.房间里可能还有空座位。

4.There be句型与其他词连用。例如：

There used to be a farm on the hill.过去这座山上有一个农场。

5.There be句型中的be动词可以根据所表达的句意需要，用live、stand等动词代替，表示“静止；存在；有”等意思。例如：

Once there lived a clever old man.这里曾住过一位聪明的老人。

There stands the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the Tian'anmen Square.天安门广场的中心矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

◎真题链接

1.—What's in the picture?

—There_______a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.

【2017·铜仁中考题】

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

【答案与解析】A根据空白处前面的there及整个句子的结构可判断答句考查There be句型，排除C、D项。当There be句型中有两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应与第一个主语在数上保持一致。第一个主语（a teacher）是单数，谓语动词用is。故选A项。

2.—Excuse me.Is there a bank near here?

—_______.It's just between my house and a post office.

【2018·湘西中考题】

A.Yes，it is

B.No，there isn't

C.Yes，there is

【答案与解析】C对There be句型的一般疑问句作肯定回答时，用“Yes，there be.”，作否定回答时用“No，there be not.”。根据答句后一个句子的意思“它就在我家和一所邮局之间”可判断出空白处应是肯定回答。故选C项。

3.There______a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.

【2018·乌鲁木齐中考题】

A.is going to have

B.will have

C.is

D.is going to be

【答案与解析】D根据next month可知这是一个一般将来时态的句子。There be句型的一般将来时结构为“There will be...”或“There is/are going to be...”， 其中的be不能用have替换。故选D项。

4.TheTVnewsreportsthat there________a storm the day after tomorrow.

【2018·临沂中考题】

A.isB.was

C.will beD.has be

【答案与解析】C根据从句中的时间状语the day after tomorrow可判断，时态应用一般将来时。There be句型的一般将来时可用“There will be...” 或 “There is/are going to be...”来表达。故选C项。

5.—_______thereanythingnewin today'sQianzhong Morning Daily?

—No.But there_______some inspiring stories worth reading.

【2017·安顺中考题】

A.Is；isB.Are；are

C.Is；areD.Are；is

【答案与解析】C不定代词anything作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式is；stories是复数形式，因此谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选C项。

6.There_______six countries inSCO（上海合作组织）at first，but now the number has increased to eight.

【2018·东营中考题】

A.isB.are

C.wereD.will be

【答案与解析】Cat first意为“最初”，指过去的时间，因此要用一般过去时态。故选C项。

7.—There are some boys______basketball over there.

—Let's go and join them.

【2016·恩施中考题】

A.are playing

B.playing

C.to play

【答案与解析】B根据句意“有一些男孩在那边打篮球”可知，本题为“There be sb.doing sth.”句型。 故选B项。

◎自我检测

Ⅰ.按要求改写下列句子。每空一词。

1.There are some pens on the desk.（改为否定句）

There__________pens on the desk.

2.Is there a kite in the sky?（作肯定回答）

Yes，______________.

3.There are three magazines on the table.（改为反意疑问句）

Therearethreemagazinesonthe table，____________?

4.Our school has thirty teachers.（改为同义句）

____________thirty teachers in our school.

5.One boy and two girls are in the room.（改为同义句）

____________one boy and two girls in the room.

Ⅱ.选择正确的答案填空。

1.Nowadays，there_______more heroes in China.We admire them a lot.

A.isB.are

C.wasD.were

2.Let's save pandas！There_______only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now.

A.areB.is

C.wereD.was

3.—What does he say?

—He says there_______a meeting tomorrow morning.

A.isB.has

C.will beD.will have

4.________a lot of rain in our hometown in summer.

A.There isB.There has

C.We haveD.We has

5.Hiscomputerdoesn'twork.There_______something wrong.

A.are going to be

B.are

C.must be

D.will have