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词汇短语园地3

2019-03-13

时代英语·高二 2019年1期
关键词:动名词被动语态及物动词

1. trust v. 信赖,信任,相信

Why do you trust a guy like him?

你为什么要信任他这样的家伙呢?

trust in sb/sth 相信,信任,信赖

She needs to trust more in her own abilities.

她需要更加相信自己的能力。

比较:trust和believe的区别

trust和believe都作“信任(深信不疑)”讲时,固定短语是trust sb和believe in sb(in不可省略)。而单独作“相信”讲时,一般用believe sth,trust很少与sth连用。

2. amount n. 数量

amount用作名词时意为“数量,金额”等,用于a great/large/amount of 这类结构,其后通常接不可数名词。

A large amount of damage was done in a short time.

短期内造成了大量损害。

注意:这类结构用作主语,其谓语的数取决于amount的数。

A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

人们在这座桥上花了大量资金。

3. raise v. 筹措(金钱);提升,举起,提起

His wife raised money by selling her jewellery.

他的妻子卖了她的珠宝来筹钱。

The box is too heavy; I cant raise it.

盒子太重了,我举不起来。

比较:raise和rise的区别

两个词都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但用法不同。

(1) raise是及物动词,发出此动作的通常是人,可用于被动语态,意为“举起,提高”,如抬头、举(手、目、帽、石头、重物等),还可用于比喻,如提高政治觉悟(生活水平、地位、名誉、声音等)。

(2) rise 是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,意为“上升,升起,起身,起立(此时主语是人),上涨”,以及“(日、月、星等)升起到地平线上”。

Please raise your hand if you know the answer.

(请举手,主语是“你”)

The sun rises in the east.

(太阳升起,主语是“太阳”)

(3) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。

The price of TV sets has been raised recently.

(政府或厂家主动行动,提高价钱)

The price of TV sets has risen recently.

(市场自动调节导致提价,与销售商无关)

(4) 过去式比较:raise—raised—raised;rise—rose—risen

4. lively adj. 活泼的,有生气的

比较:lively和alive的区别

(1) lively adj. 活泼的,有生气的

She may be 80, but shes still lively.

她也许有八十岁了,但仍然精力充沛。

(2) alive adj. 活着的,有活力的,有生气的,活跃的(只能跟在系动词后作表语)

The injured man is unconscious but still alive.

伤者不省人事但仍活着。

5. quarrel v. 吵架,争吵;吵嘴

n. 口角;争吵;拌嘴

(1) quarrel (with sb) about/over sth 因……(与某人)吵架

She quarrelled with her brother over their fathers will.

她和弟弟因父亲遗嘱的事起了争执。

(2) quarrel (between A and B) about/over sth 因……(某人与某人之间)吵架

A quarrel between good friends is a very unfortunate thing.

好朋友之间吵架是很不幸的事。

6. regret v. 后悔,悔恨

(1) regret to do 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)

I regret to say I cannot accept your suggestion.

我很遗憾不能接受你的建议。

(2) regret doing 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)

I regret having to make so many staff redundant.

我很遺憾不得不裁减这么多职员。

7. forgive v. 原谅,宽恕

(1) forgive sb sth 原谅某人的某种行为

I forgave him his crimes.

我饶恕了他的罪行。

(2) forgive ones doing sth 原谅某人做的某事

Forgive my interrupting you.

请原谅我打扰你了。

(3) forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事

I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died.

我不能原谅自己在母亲临终前未去看她。

8. loss n. 损失

The accident caused a great loss of time.

车祸造成大量时间上的损失。

at a loss 不知所措;困惑

a sense of loss 失落感

9. predict v. 预言,预测

It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody.

他如此喜怒无常,所以很难预知其反应如何。

prediction n. 预言,预测,预告

predictable adj. 可预见的,可预料的

10. mention v. 提到,涉及

(1) 后接名词、代词作宾语,其后不再加上介词about/of。

误:The old man didnt want to mention about his painful past.

正:The old man didnt want to mention his painful past.

那位老人不愿提及他伤心的过去。

误:Did Lucy mention of it?

正:Did Lucy mention it?

露西提到过它吗?

(2) 后接动名词作宾语,一般不接不定式作宾语。

Nobody mentioned going there to help her.

没有人提起过要去那里帮助她。

(3) 后接从句作宾语。

John mentioned that he had a lot of things to do.

约翰提到他有许多事要做。

not to mention 更不用说;且不说

11. burst out 突然发生,突然……起来

I couldnt help myself and burst out laughing.

我控制不住自己,大笑起来。

比较:burst into和burst out的区别

两者都可以表示“突然(发生某种情况或进入某种状态)”,但它们的用法不同。burst into后常接名词,而burst out后常接动名词形式。若接名词,则其前通常加介词into。

When he took the floor, the gathering burst into thunderous applause.

当他发言时,参加集会的人群中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

He burst out crying like a child.

他突然像孩子似的哭了起来。

They burst out into song.

他们突然唱起歌来。

12. keep in touch 保持联系

lose touch with 与……失去联系

Take care of yourself and dont forget to keep in touch.

多保重,不要忘了保持聯系。

Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you.

尽可能常给我写信,我不希望和你失去联系。

be in touch with 同……有联系

be out of touch with 同……失去联系

get in touch with 和……取得联系

13. (be) on good/bad terms with sb 与某人关系很好/不好

I am glad to be on good terms with my classmates.

我很高兴能和同学们和睦相处。

Being on bad terms with ones neighbors can be a very disturbing experience.

与邻居关系不好可能是一种非常恼人的经历。

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