Lin Haizhi

(Fujian Normal University Union Hospital,Fuzhou,Fujian 350117)

Abstract:In the process of talent cultivation in application-oriented universities,the cultivation of students’innovative and practical ability is relatively insufficient,and there is a deviation in the educational concept of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”,and the relationship between professional education and mass entrepreneurship and innovation education is not well coordinated.As a result,the“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and the professional education in application-oriented universities have gone their own way.Guided by the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in colleges,this paper explores the path of the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,so as to promote higher quality entrepreneurship of students and improve the employment quality of college students.

Key words:“innovative and entrepreneurial”education;integration;professional education

In the context of economic transformation and upgrading and innovation-driven development,mass entrepreneurship and innovation has become the theme of the times and a national strategic decision.The ultimate beneficiaries of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in colleges are college students.The integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education can effectively promote higher quality entrepreneurship of college students and improve the employment quality of college students[1].Exploring the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented universities will help stimulate the entrepreneurial passion of college students and cultivate more innovative talents.

I.Current Situation of the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

In order to understand the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented universities,the author took 9 application-oriented universities in Fujian as the research objects,distributed 900 questionnaires,recovered 850 effective questionnaires,and the effective rate was 94%.There are four options for designing questionnaire questions,close correlation;certain correlation,but not very much;has no significant correlation;hard to express the four choices are.

II.Problems in the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

(i)The Concept of the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities is Not Deep Enough

According to the survey results,53.6% of college students believe that“innovative and entrepreneurial education”are closely related to professional education;32.6%thought they have a certain correlation,but not very much;2.1% thought there was no significant correlation between“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education;11.7% were unclear about the relationship between“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education.It can be seen that in the current application-oriented universities,although“innovative and entrepreneurial education”has achieved initial results and can promote the employment of students,the orientation and concept of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education integration in application-oriented universities are not clear enough.

(ii)Students from Application-oriented Universities have Low Enthusiasm for Participation

According to the survey results,in the students of application-oriented universities who participate in the activity of integrating“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,46.5% were very active,43.6% were modest to this activity;2.6%had no interest and 7.3%of university students still chose no idea and didn’t pay attention to such activities.College students are the ultimate beneficiaries of the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education.However,in the implementation process,college students from application-oriented universities are not enthusiastic enough to participate in relevant practical activities of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”,which is not conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents in colleges.

(iii)The Curriculum of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”in Application-oriented Universities is Out of Touch with Students'Background

College students are the ultimate beneficiaries of the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education.Since college students of different grades and genders have different entrepreneurial consciousness,the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in colleges need classified guidance and individual measures to achieve the established effect.However,the actual situation is that the setting of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”courses in application-oriented universities is divorced from students' background,not oriented to students' needs,and not able to effectively integrate professional education,innovation ability and comprehensive ability expansion of college students to create innovative specialized courses[2].Only by integrating“innovative and entrepreneurial education”with professional education and focusing on students of different majors,grades and genders,can colleges and universities integrate“innovative and entrepreneurial education”into daily professional curriculum education.

III.Analysis on the Problems Existing in the Deep Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

(i)The Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Colleges is Insufficient

According to the survey data,the“innovative and entrepreneurial education”in application-oriented universities mainly takes the form of inviting experts to attend mass entrepreneurship and innovation lectures and reports,or setting up some mass entrepreneurship and innovation elective courses.The establishment of these mass entrepreneurship and innovation courses has not been effectively integrated with the professional courses,and the teaching of the professional courses is still conducted according to the traditional mode.The curriculum and specialty setting of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”in application-oriented universities is unreasonable,which lacks effective integration measures,and is not strong in execution.Moreover,the professional curriculum is not adjusted according to practice,which cannot effectively promote the cultivation of innovative talents.

(ii)Colleges Lacking a Perfect Institutional Setup of Integrating“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”with Professional Education

Application-oriented universities lack a sound institutional setup of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”with professional education,and conduct professional education through departmental management.The effect of the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”with professional education needs the leading management of multiple departments of the school.However,teachers and administrators of application-oriented universities attach more importance to teaching quality indicators and teachers' achievements in scientific research,and pay less attention to mass entrepreneurship and innovation education.The content of mass entrepreneurship and innovation education is relatively vague,and there is no special institution to promote the integrated development of mass entrepreneurship and innovation education and professional education in colleges and universities.As a result,mass entrepreneurship and innovation education cannot be truly integrated into professional education to promote the cultivation of innovative talents in colleges and universities.

IV.Significance of the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

The integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented undergraduate universities can help college students practice their theoretical professional knowledge,enhance their innovation and practice ability,and improve their comprehensive quality.At the same time,the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented undergraduate universities plays a significant role in promoting the development of connotation construction and improving the teaching quality engineering in application-oriented universities.The organic integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education can effectively improve the comprehensive quality of college students and promote the reform and upgrading of innovative talent training mode in application-oriented universities.At the same time,the integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education has great benefit for college students to learn professional knowledge well,promote the transformation of professional knowledge into production practice in advance,and enhance their ability to enter the society.

V.Basic Principles of the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

The integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented universities is a complex process,which requires a certain period of time and follows the principles of adaptability,demand-orientation and gradual progress.Adaptability principle refers that when integrating“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,both the systematicness of talent cultivation and the practicability of education should take into account,so as to integrate innovative ideas into teaching courses and realize the effective integration of curriculum teaching and practical programs.Demand-orientation principle refers to that both“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented undergraduate universities are aimed at cultivating professional talents.They should not only enable college students to learn professional knowledge,but also cultivate their innovative thinking and innovative ability.Colleges and universities should stand in the complement angle of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,seeking effective reform program,effectively improve the quality of teaching in colleges and universities[3].The principle of gradual progress means that colleges and universities should grasp the characteristics of each stage of students'growth in a timely manner when carrying out talent training,and continue to explore and practice in“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,so as to promote the integrated development of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education.

VI.Exploration on the Integration of“Innovative and Entrepreneurial Education”and Professional Education in Application-oriented Universities

(i)Strengthening Exchanges and Cooperation Between Departments,and Innovating the Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Curriculum System

The integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented universities should strengthen exchanges and cooperation between departments of application-oriented universities.In terms of activities such as“innovative and entrepreneurial education”talent training objectives,“innovative and entrepreneurial education”curriculum design,professional course credit requirements and teaching practice,etc.,it is necessary to build a sound training system for“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education according to the differences of different disciplines (arts and sciences).At the same time,application-oriented universities should encourage the establishment of interdisciplinary curriculum to diversify the curriculum.At the same time,give full play to the macro-guiding role of the department,place the specific implementation emphasis on the major level,giving the major level more power to the concrete implementation of the integrated development of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education,respect differences,promote the diversified educational needs of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”of college students in application-oriented universities,and better integrate“innovative and entrepreneurial education”with professional education.

(ii)Organically Integrating the First and Second Classes to Improve the Traditional Teaching Mode

As is known to all,the traditional teaching focuses on classroom teaching and ignores the practical teaching in the second class.Innovation is very important to integrate“innovative and entrepreneurial education”with professional education and cultivate innovative talents,if we do not deepen the reform of traditional classroom teaching,the effective integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education will not achieve good results.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the organic integration of the first and second classes,effectively promote the interaction between teachers and students,increase the subjectivity and exploratory topics,introduce the results of industryuniversity-research into the class,adopt heuristic,interactive and cooperative teaching methods,and stimulate the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of students in application-oriented universities.

(iii)Strengthening School-enterprise Cooperation and Building an Integrated Team of Teachers for Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation

At present,the number of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation"teachers in application-oriented universities is seriously insufficient,and the teaching level is not high.With the cooperation between universities and enterprises as the platform,and relying on the development model of "leading key university teachers out" and "inviting mass entrepreneurship and innovation double-qualified talents in",establish the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" integrated teaching staff in applicationoriented undergraduate universities.College teachers will study and exercise in enterprises to improve their practical ability in the process of mass entrepreneurship and innovation teaching.At the same time,application-oriented universities should increase capital investment,introduce double-qualified talents from the society and enterprises,and strengthen the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation"teaching staff.Colleges and universities can also establish a "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" mentor library,effectively integrate mass entrepreneurship and innovation teachers inside and outside the school,and promote the deep integration of teaching resources and practice sites inside and outside the school.

VII.Conclusion

The integration of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”and professional education in application-oriented universities is not only conducive to the cultivation of application-oriented innovative talents in colleges and universities,the cultivation of innovative spirit in college students,the upgrading of teaching quality in colleges and universities,and the deepening of“innovative and entrepreneurial education”reform in application-oriented colleges and universities,but also helpful to promote the development of professional education reform in application-oriented universities and promote the cultivation of innovative talents in social needs.