WANG Xiangrong

我们每个人都居住在不同的社区里，社区就是我们的家园。由于社区的人口结构、居民的生活方式以及社区的外围环境总是在动态地改变着，社区必然也要通过不断更新来满足居民日益变化的生活需求。

北京大栅栏地区是我比较熟悉的社区。前几年在大栅栏参加北京国际设计周，布展和展览期间，我们每天都会来到这里。我们看到大栅栏的胡同多是两边院墙夹峙的灰色通道，没有什么公共空间，居民居住的院落里也大多拥挤杂乱。然而在一条胡同的转角，我们却发现了一处充满绿色生机的场景。因为附近的人家在这里利用墙边檐下的边边角角，种植了瓜蔓藤豆，将这里变成了一个充满生活情趣的小小的逗留空间。这个转角启发了我们，如果能充分利用大栅栏的胡同和杂院中的微小空间，种植花卉藤蔓，大栅栏这些胡同的气氛将完全不同，生活环境也将更加舒适温馨。

我们学院的师生在大栅栏管理部门的支持下，对几条胡同的居民进行了问卷调查和走访，还召开了社区更新动员会，最后选取了5个杂院和部分胡同区段，根据现场条件和居民的要求与期望，通过整理室外空间，利用边角空地种植蔬菜和花卉等植物，对这些杂院进行了微更新设计，并在居民的支持和配合下最终建成，改变了院子脏乱差的状况，为居民提供了健康而充满绿意的环境。更新后的小院将会起到以点带面的作用，为其他住户的自发绿化与院落改造提供样板，从而推动这几条胡同的整体更新。

这些小院的更新是以一种非常谨慎的、渐进式方式，并在居民的直接参与下完成的。更新后的小院里还举办了社区植物认知体验、胡同更新分享和居民园艺种植交流等一系列活动，所以大栅栏的微更新并不仅仅关注于胡同和杂院的翻新，更关注的是居民生活品质的提升、邻里之间交往的增进和居民社区认同的增强。

大栅栏是北京旧城中一个典型的社区。每个社区都有各自不同的实际情况和具体问题，但共同的状况都是社区空间有限，大改大建的更新既不可取，又多无可能。微更新是针对社区的问题，寻求合理可行解决方案最合适的方式。当然，微更新需要专业人员的参与，由于社区微更新项目尺度小、投资少，工作又琐碎，一般的设计机构很难致力于这类项目的实践，因而选取合适的社区规划师就是推进社区微更新的有效途径。

目前，北京市很多街道都有自己的责任规划师，还聘请了高校合伙人，试图通过这一制度更好地推动社区的更新。我们学院的老师担任了北京市海淀区9个街镇的高校合伙人，我自己就是北太平庄街道的高校合伙人。责任规划师和高校合伙人的主要任务是聆听居民的声音，以居民的切实需求作为社区品质的提升导向，与街道和居民合作，用自己的专业技能更好地推进街道社区环境的更新。我们最近刚完成了北太平庄街道的一个老旧小区中一块宅间绿地的更新，尽管项目面积很小，但工作却非常复杂。我们开设了社区更新小讲堂，对居民进行问卷调查，参加分组讨论，从而详细了解居民对场地的需求与想法，在此基础上完成的更新方案自然受到居民的广泛认可。我们还计划未来让居民真正参与到社区公共空间的改造和管理维护中，以增强居民的社区认同感、归属感和责任感。

社区微更新看似规模微小，不过这些微小的改变都贴近社区居民的生活，直接面对问题、解决问题，从而能有效改善社区的环境质量，提升居民的生活品质，所以社区微更新能为社区居民带来实质性的利益。同时，微更新的过程也为居民提供了更多参与社区建设、增进相互了解的机会。所以社区微更新并不仅仅是整治和完善社区的物理空间，同时也是创建社区邻里和睦氛围和营建社区家园感的契机。

任何社区都是在不断变化的，社区更新应该是一个长期而持续的过程。社区的主人是长期生活于社区内的居民。对设计师来说，参与社区更新必须深入了解居民的所思所想，了解他们的生活方式，才会对社区的空间环境有更加深刻的认识。只有让居民广泛参与到社区更新的全过程中，社区的更新才能顺利健康地进行。

Each of us lives in a different community,and the community is our home.Because the population structure of the community,the lifestyle of the residents,and the surrounding environment of the community are always changing dynamically,the community must also continuously update to meet the changing needs of the residents.

The Dashilan area in Beijing is a community I am familiar with.I participated in Beijing International Design Week in Dashilan a few years ago.During the preparation and exhibition period,we came here every day.We saw that the hutongs in Dashilan were mostly gray passageways sandwiched between the courtyard walls on both sides.There was no public space,and the courtyards where residents live were mostly crowded and cluttered.However,at the corner of an alley,we found a scene full of green vitality.Because nearby people used the corners and edges under the eaves of the wall to grow vine plants,this place had become a small living space full of life.This corner has inspired us.If we can make full use of the small space in Dashilan's alleys and courtyards,planting flowersand vines,the atmosphere of these alleys in Dashilan will be completely different,and the living environment will be more comfortable and warm.

Teachers and students of our college conducted the questionnaire survey and visits to residents of several alleys with the support of the Dashilan Management Department.They also held a community renewal mobilization meeting.Finally,five courtyards and some hutong sections were selected.Based on the conditions and the requirements and expectations of residents,by sorting out outdoor space,and using open spaces on the corners to plant vegetables and flowers,these courtyards were micro-renewed and designed.With the support and cooperation of residents,they were eventually built,and the dirty and chaotic situationwas changed,providing residents with a healthy and green environment.The renewed small courtyard will play anexemplary role,providing a model for other residents' spontaneous greening and courtyard renovation,thereby promoting the overall renewal of these alleys.

The renovation of these small courtyards was done in a very cautious and gradual manner,with the direct participation of residents.The updated courtyard also hosted a series of activities such as community plant cognition experience,hutong renewal sharing,and residents' horticultural planting exchanges.Therefore,the micro-renewal of Dashilan is not only focused on the renovation of hutongs and courtyards.It is the improvement of the quality of life of residents,the enhancement of communication between neighbors,and the enhancement of the identity of residents.

Dashilan is a typical community in Beijing's old city.Each community has its own different actual conditions and specific problems,but the common situation is that the community has limited space,and the large-scale renovation is neither desirable nor possible.Micro-renewal is the most appropriate way to find reasonable and feasible solutions to community problems.Of course,micro-renewal requires the participation of professionals.Due to the small scale,the small investment,and the trivial work of the community micro-renewal project,it is difficult for general design agencies to commit to the practice of such projects.Therefore,selecting the appropriate community planner is an effective way to promote the community micro-renewal.

At present,many local communities in Beijing have their own responsible planners,and have also invited university partners,trying to better promote community renewal through this system.The teachers of our college have served as the university partners of 9 local communities in Haidian District of Beijing,and I am the university partner of Beitaipingzhuang community.The main task of responsible planners and university partners is to listen to the voices of residents,take the actual needs of residents as the guide to improve the quality of the community,cooperate with the community and residents,and use their professional skills to better promote the local community environment renewal.We have recently completed the renovation of a green space in an old residential area in Beitaipingzhuang community.Although the project area is small,the work is very complicated.We opened a small community renewal lecture,conducted a questionnaire survey of residents,and participated in group discussions with residents to understand the needs and ideas of residents on the site in detail.The renewal plan completed on this basis was naturally widely recognized by residents.We also plan to let residents truly participate in the transformation,management and maintenance of community public space in the future,in order to enhance residents' sense of community identity,belonging and responsibility.

Community micro-renewal seems to be small in scale,but these small changes are close to the lives of community residents,directly facing problems and solving problems,which can effectively improve the environmental quality of the community and enhance the quality of life of residents,so community micro-renewal can bring community residents substantial benefits,and at the same time,the micro-renewal process also provides residents with more opportunities to participate in community construction and enhance mutual understanding.Therefore,community micro-renewal is not only to renovate and improve the physical space of the community,but also an opportunity to create a harmonious atmosphere in the neighborhood and a sense of community.

Any community is constantly changing,and the community renewal should be a longterm and continuous process.The owner of the community is the resident who has long lived in the community.As a designer,participating in the community renewal must have a deep understanding of the residents' thoughts and ideas,and understand their lifestyle,in order to have a deeper understanding of the community's spatial environment.Only when residents are widely involved in the whole process of community renewal can the community renewal proceed smoothly and healthily.