WAN Min

十八届五中全会以来党和国家持续推进健康中国战略，2016年10月《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》出台，其后十九大又明确提出“要完善国民健康政策，为人民群众提供全方位全周期健康服务”。健康中国由此在国家层面形成目标明确，工作过程可操作、可衡量、可考核的制度体系。在健康中国战略的价值导向下，一个密切配合与跟进健康中国的风潮在全国兴起。以建筑、规划、风景园林为主导的人居环境学科也闻风而动，纷纷立足于各自专业与学科，在其中寻找发展机遇与增长点。

风景园林有重视户外空间健康的传统，反映在其学科价值目标便是以协调人与自然关系为根本使命，以保护和营造高品质的空间景观为基本任务；其学科触角面向全尺度的户外空间境域，并历来在不同尺度的空间健康中都有良好表现。

风景园林与健康中国密切相关的研究领域有两大方面，一是对人类生存本底——自然环境健康方面的研究，这是风景园林历来注重的领域，从植物健康、生态健康到生境健康，从中可透析出风景园林对人类生存环境健康的追求，而这也是保证人与自然和谐相处、人居环境可持续发展甚至民族昌盛和国家富强的重要支撑；另一方面是户外空间对人的健康影响，风景园林对此虽有不少卓有成效的既往研究，如康复花园、绿地降尘减噪、湿地净水、健身空间及其配置、空间适老或适少设计、无障碍设计等，但总体而言此类以人的健康为立足点的研究还比较零散，难以像前者一样形成体系，这预示着风景园林在健康中国领域还有广阔的发展空间。

健康中国战略关注的核心是人，包括与人健康直接相关的医疗、医药、医保、公共卫生、养老、食品等，也包括影响人健康的空气质量、地表水质、健身场馆、健康设施、人身安全设施、健康城市、健康乡镇等环境要素与标准，而后者即是风景园林可施展专业技能的用武之地。

根据世界卫生组织的界定，人的健康包括身体健康、心理健康和社会健康三大方面。就身体健康而言，《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确指出了2项当今迫切需要解决的、对人的身体健康有直接影响的课题，这就是空气质量与地表水质。风景园林在此中如何运用自己的手段与方法来寻求解决方案，值得广大学者进行深入探讨。根据我国社会经济发展状况，类似的问题在不同时期还会有不同表现，需要我们不断保持学术敏锐与跟踪。

就人的心理健康而言，尽管人体工学、环境心理学一直是风景园林小尺度空间规划设计的基础理论与支撑，在奠定风景园林以人为基础的同时对人的心理健康总体而言是有益的。但户外空间对心理健康影响因素复杂多样、作用机理相互牵扯而又感性，如何量化这些影响并掌握其发展变化规律便成为风景园林需直面的课题。我们发现已有越来越多的学者投身其中，并在空间美誉与健康、绿地缓解忧郁症甚至慢性病功效、景观对心理健康影响评价、城市景观安全等诸多方面产生了一些研究成果，这对建立风景园林与心理健康的客观影响与认识是正面而又积极的。

就人的社会健康而言，风景园林通过建设优美生活环境、改善城市空气和水体质量、改善城市慢行交通质量与安全、增强公共空间交往、增强城市居民的自豪感和美誉感而具有和谐社会价值，从而促进整体社会健康。然而我们也注意到当今的社会健康更为关注的是个体与他人及社会环境相互作用并具有良好的人际关系和实现社会角色的能力。风景园林如何帮助个体在户外空间交往中与他人友好相处并心情舒畅，如何借助空间的力量增强自信感和安全感，如何通过影响人群的户外生活方式来阻滞、延缓像高血压、抑郁症等慢性病的发生，这不仅是社会健康问题，对步入老龄化的我国也意味着宝贵而又紧俏的社会医疗资源节约，并蕴含着巨大的经济价值。

总之，风景园林在服务健康中国的事业中有许多新的发展空间，需要我们一起负重担当！

Since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18thCPC Central Committee, the party and the state have continued to promote the healthy China strategy.In October 2016, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline was promulgated.The 19thCPC National Congress clearly stated that "we must improve the national health policy and provide the people and public with full-range and fullcycle health services." Healthy China thus has an institutional system with clear objectives and an operational, measurable and measurable work process at the national level.Under the guidance of the value of the Healthy China strategy, a wave of close coordination and follow-up of Healthy China has arisen nationwide.The disciplines of human habitat, dominated by architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture, act immediately to respond to the call, and are based on their respective professions and disciplines to find development opportunities and growth points.

Landscape architecture has a tradition of attaching importance to the health of outdoor space.Reflecting in its subject value goal is to take as the fundamental mission to coordinate the relationship between man and nature, take as the basic task to protect and create high-quality space landscape; its subject directions face the full-scale outdoor spatial realm, and have always had a good performance in space health at different scales.

There are two major research areas closely related to landscape architecture and Healthy China.One is the research on the survival background of human beings - the natural environment health, which is is the field that landscape architecture has always paid attention to, from plant health, ecological health to habitat health.From this, we can understand the landscape architecture's pursuit of human living environment health, which is also an important support to ensure the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the sustainable development of human habitat and even the flourishing of the nation and the prosperity of the country.On the other hand, it is the influence of outdoor space on human health.Although landscape architecture has had many effective researches, such as rehabilitation garden, green space dust reduction and noise reduction, wetland water purification, fitness space and configuration, space suitable the elderly or the young, barrier-free design, etc., in general, such researches based on human health is relatively fragmented, and it is difficult to form a system like the former, which indicates that landscape architecture has a broad space for development in the Healthy Chinese field.

The focus of Healthy China strategy is people, including medical, medicine, medical insurance, public health, cares for the aged, food, etc., which are directly related to human health.It also includes air quality, surface water quality, fitness venues, health facilities, personal safety facilities, healthy city, healthy town, and other environmental factors and standards that affect people's health.The latter is the place where landscape architecture can put its professional skills to good use.

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, human health includes three aspects: physical health, mental health and social health.As far as physical health is concerned, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline clearly identifies two issues that are urgently needed today and have a direct impact on human health.They are air quality and surface water quality.In this process, how landscape architecture use its own methods and means to find solutions is worthy of in-depth discussion by scholars.According to China's social and economic development, similar problems will have different performances at different times, which requires us to keep academic acumen and tracking.

As to human mental health, although ergonomics and environmental psychology have always been the basic theory and support for small-scale spatial planning and design of landscape architecture, which is generally good for the psychological health of people while laying the humanoriented foundation of landscape architecture, the influence factors of outdoor space on mental health are complex and diverse, and the mechanism of action is interrelated and sensible.How to quantify these effects and master the law of development and change has become a topic that landscape architecture need to face.We have found that more and more scholars have devoted themselves to it, and have made some research achievements in the aspects of space reputation and health, green space alleviating the effects of depression and even chronic diseases, evaluation of landscape impact on mental health, and urban landscape safety, which are positive and good to establish the objective influence and understanding of landscape architecture and mental health.

Regarding the human social health, landscape architecture has a harmonious social value by building a beautiful living environment, improving urban air and water quality, improving the quality and safety of urban slow traffic, enhancing public space communication, and enhancing the pride and appreciation of urban residents, so as to promote overall social health.However, we also notice that today’s social health is more concerned with the ability of individuals to interact with others and the social environment and have good interpersonal relationships and realize social roles.How landscape architecture can help individuals to get along with others in an outdoor space interaction and feel comfortable, how to use the power of space to enhance self-confidence and security, and how to block and delay the chronic diseases like hypertension and depression by affecting people's outdoor lifestyle, they are not just a social health problem, but also the saving of the valuable and hard-to-get social medical resources and of huge economic value for the aging country of China.

In short, landscape architecture has much space for new development in serving the cause of Healthy China, which requires us to shoulder responsibilities!