戴仕宝 周亮广 叶雷 王春 王子龙

摘要：丘陵地区塘坝系统是适应水资源需求的产物，是人水和谐的表现。以位于江淮丘陵区的两个小流域（样区1面积114 km2，样区2面积127 km2）为研究样区，以高分辨率遥感影像、1∶10000 DEM以及塘坝实测数据（面积和深度）等为数据源，构建了塘坝分布地形权重指数（W）、塘坝与土地利用适应性指数（P）、塘坝水资源供需适應性指数（R）等，定量研究塘坝系统水适应性机制。研究表明：研究样区林草地为主要土地利用类型（>50%），其次为耕地（约35%），而塘坝在两个样区面积占比分别为58%和282%。地形权重指数W显示高位塘坝占绝对优势。塘坝与土地利用适应性指数P显示样区1适应性较佳，而样区2适应性较差。在频率85%的年降水量情景下，塘坝供水与耕地综合灌溉需水的供需适应性指数R分别为102和059，与指数P结论相吻合。研究认为，研究区塘坝、耕地、地形三者之间具有相互制约和适应的关系。

关键词：塘坝系统人水和谐；水适应性；水资源供需；适应性机制；适应性测度；江淮丘陵

中图分类号：TV213 文献标志码：A 文章编号：

16721683（2018）05004109

Mechanism and measurement of the water adaptability of the farm pond in Jianghuai Hilly Area

DAI Shibao1，ZHOU Liangguang1，YE Lei2，WANG Chun1，WANG Zilong1

（

1.School of Geographic Information and Tourism，Chuzhou University，Chuzhou 239012，China；2.School of Urban and Regional Science，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062，China）

Abstract：

Pond system in the hilly area is a result of the adaptation to water demand，embodying the harmonious relationship between water resources and human beings.We took two small watersheds （Ⅰ：114 km2；Ⅱ：127 km2） as the study areas，and developed terrain weight index，pond and land use adaptability index，and water supply and demand balance index to quantitatively illustrate the water adaptability mechanism of the pond system.The data set included highresolution remote sensing images，1∶10000 DEM，and measured data （depth and size） of the ponds.The results are as follows.Forest and grassland （more than 50%） was the dominant land use type in the study areas.The cultivated land （about 355%） came second.Farm ponds covered only 282% and 58% of the study areas.The terrain weight indexes indicated that the highlying ponds were absolutely dominant.The land utilization index indicated that study area Ⅰ had better adaptability than study area Ⅱ.Under the circumstance of precipitation probability P=85%，the water supply and demand balance index was 102 and 059 respectively.There were restrictions and adaptations between the ponds，farmland，and terrain in the study area.

Key words：

humanwater harmony of pond system；water adaptability；water supply and demand；adaptive mechanism；adaptability measurement；Jianghuai hilly area

适应性是来自生态学的一个名词，现已被广泛应用在多个领域[1]。近年来，水资源适应性研究也逐渐得到关注。受人类活动和气候变化的影响，地表水系统正在发生着变化。为应对因环境变化带来的水系统的变化，人们认识到水资源的利用和管理必须从控制、预测向适应性利用和管理转变[2]。研究者从适应性管理的内涵[25]、运用[67]以及适应性管理与综合性管理的比较[89]等方面开展了大量研究。综……