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济南市历下区立交桥区域暴雨内涝积水模拟

2018-12-29任梅芳徐宗学初祁汪中华杜成玉

南水北调与水利科技 2018年5期

任梅芳 徐宗学 初祁 汪中华 杜成玉

摘要:城市下凹式立交桥因其桥下路面常低于周边区域地形,极易形成城市区域的“人为滞水点”,在遭遇降雨时频繁发生内涝积水灾害,对城市交通、行人和车辆的安全构成了严重的危害。因此,有效模拟城市立交桥区域的暴雨洪水淹没程度,对城市防洪减灾和交通应急管理具有重要的现实意义,同时可以为解决城市内涝问题提供重要的科技支撑。以济南市历下区立交桥为例,采用Mike Urban模型和Mike21 FM模型,依据研究区域数字高程数据,2007年7月18日黄台桥雨量站实测3 h降雨数据以及不同重现期的设计降雨过程,对立交桥区域的暴雨积水程度进行模拟计算与分析。研究结果表明,2007年“7·18”暴雨发生时,济南市历下区立交桥桥下最低洼区域积水深度可达近195 m左右,其积水深度高于济南市100年一遇暴雨的积水深度。

关键词:暴雨积水;立交桥;MIKE模型

中图分类号:TV122 文献标志码:A 文章编号:

16721683(2018)05000907

Simulation of rainstorm waterlogging processes at the Lixia overpass bridge in Ji′nan city

REN Meifang1,2,XU Zongxue1,2,CHU Qi1,2,WANG Zhonghua3,DU Chengyu4

(

1.College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,Beijing 100875,China;3.Ji′nan Hydrology Bureau,Ji′nan 250014,China;4.Binzhou Hydrology Bureau,Binzhou 256609,China)

Abstract:

The urban concave overpass bridges can easily become "artificial waterlogging zone" since the area beneath the bridge is usually lower than the surrounding areas,which leads to frequent waterlogging disasters,endangering the safety of urban traffic,pedestrians,and vehicles.Therefore,effective simulation of rainstorm waterlogging processes in urban overpass bridge area will have important practical significance for urban flood control,disaster reduction,and traffic emergency management.It can provide important technical support for solving the urban waterlogging problems.In this study,both Mike Urban and Mike21 FM models were used to simulate the waterlogging processes of the 3 h rainstorm observed in July 18,2007 at Huangtai Bridge rain gauge station and the design precipitation with different return periods at the Lixia overpass bridge area in Ji′nan city.The results of this study showed that the depth of waterlogging in the lowest area under the Lixia overpass bridge could reach about 195 m during the 2007.07.18 rainstorm event,which was higher than that in a 100year rainstorm in Ji′nan city.

Key words:

rainstorm waterlogging;overpass bridge;MIKE model

近年来,城市内涝问题已成为了继人口拥挤、交通堵塞、环境污染等城市问题之后的又一大城市病。自2012年7月21日北京市遭遇强降雨造成巨大的损失之后,各级政府及学术界对城市雨水管理方面的研究给予了高度重视[1]。根据《国家新型城镇化规划(2014-2020)》我国城镇化率已由1986年的2452%上升到2015年的5610%,增长了129倍,预计到2020年、2030年我国城镇化率将分别达到60%和67%左右[2]。随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市区域中不透水地面的面积不断扩张,城市区域的产汇流特点较天然流域产汇流特点相比发生了较大的变化。……

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