刘强　刘献礼　吴石　杨琳　李荣义　杨浩

摘要：在镗削加工过程中镗杆处于悬臂状态导致整体刚度较低，易产生振动，影响加工精度及表面质量，严重时甚至导致零件报废，如何减小振动是镗削加工亟待解决的问题。提出了一种安装变质量吸振器的新型减振镗杆。建立了减振镗杆的动力学模型，分析了激振频率与吸振块质量对减振镗杆减振性能的影响规律。提出通过调吸振器吸振块质量对减振镗杆的减振性能进行调节，从而使减振镗杆的减振性能达到最佳的减振镗杆减振性能调节方法。最后通过分析在不同吸振块质量下主系统的位移变化情况对所提出的减振镗杆的减振性能进行了验证。研究结果对所提出的新型减振镗杆的设计、加工参数的选择及减振镗杆减振性能的调节具有指导意义，为减振镗杆的设计提供了新的设计思路。

关键词：减振镗杆；动力吸振器；变质量；减振性能

DOI：10.15938/j.jhust.2018.05.005

中图分类号： TH164

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1007-2683（2018）05-0025-05

Analysisof the Vibration Reduction Characteristics of Boring Bar with A Variable Mass Dynamic Vibration Absorber

LIU Qiang，LIU Xianli，WU Shi，YANG Lin，LI Rongyi，YANG Hao

（School of Mechanical and Power Engineering， Harbin University of Science and Technology， Harbin 150080， China）

Abstract：In the boring process the boring bar in the cantilever state is used， which reduces stiffness of the boring bar Vibration is easy to be occurred， and the vibration affects the machining precision and surface quality When the vibration is serious， it may lead to scrap How to reduce the vibration in the boring process is a key problem to be solved This paper presents a new boring bar with a variable mass dynamic vibration absorber （VMDAV） based on dynamic vibration absorber theory The dynamic model of the new boring bar system is established The influences of the excitation frequency and the mass of the VMDVA on the vibration reduction characteristic are discussed A new vibration reduction method is proposed by adjusting the mass of the VMDVA to achieve the optimal vibration reduction performance Finally， the vibration reduction performance of the new boring bar is verified by analyzing the displacement of the main system under different mass of VMDVA These works could provide guidance for designing new types of boring bars， selecting cutting parameters， adjusting the vibration reduction performance of the proposed boring bar， and as a result， it provides a new idea for the design of boring bar

Keywords：vibration absorption boring bar；dynamic vibration absorber；variable mass；vibration reduction characteristic

0引言

在鏜削加工中，由于镗杆处于悬臂状态导致镗杆的整体刚度较低，加工中镗杆振动现象明显[1-3]。对于加工深度较大的孔，镗杆的悬伸长度更大，导致镗杆的刚度降低更加严重，甚至导致颤振的发生。镗削加工中如何实现减振一直以来是镗削加工中的研究重点。现有对于镗杆振动进行抑制的主要方法包括：采用添加支撑提高刚度[4-5]、采用阻尼技术降低振幅、采用隔振技术切断振动、采用吸振技术吸收振动等。……