轻微型肝性脑病的功能磁共振成像研究进展
2018-12-18潘磊汪涛戚乐
潘磊 汪涛 戚乐
[摘要] 肝性脑病(HE)是由各种急、慢性肝病引起的一种严重的并发症,可表现为行为异常、意识障碍,甚至昏迷,对病人生活质量及预后的影响非常大。轻微型肝性脑病(MHE)是肝性脑病最早、最轻微的表现形式,常无明显临床症状,临床诊断存在困难。如何早期发现MHE,指导临床尽早地干预治疗非常重要。近年来,功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术的迅猛发展,为早期发现MHE的病理生理改变提供了更多可能,目前已成为MHE相关研究中的一大热点。
[關键词] 轻微型肝性脑病;磁共振波谱;基于体素的形态学分析;扩散张量成像;磁敏感加权成像;血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像
[中图分类号] R445.2;R575.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)23-0164-05
Research development of functional magnetic resonance imaging for mild hepatic encephalopathy
PAN Lei WANG Tao QI Le
Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
[Abstract] Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a serious complication caused by various acute and chronic liver diseases, which may be manifested as abnormal behavior, disturbance of consciousness, or even coma, and exerts a great effect on the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Mild hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) is the earliest and the mildest manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy, which often has no obvious clinical symptoms, and clinical diagnosis is difficult. The ways to detect MHE early and to guide clinical intervention as soon as possible is very important. In recent years, the rapid development of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology has provided more possibilities for early detection of pathophysiological changes of MHE. At present, it has become a hot topic in MHE related research.
[Key words] Mild hepatic encephalopathy; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Voxel-based morphological analysis; Diffusion tensor imaging; Magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging; Oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging
肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy,HE)是以代谢紊乱为基础的神经心理异常综合征,是各种急慢性肝病和(或)门体分流的最常见的严重并发症之一。肝病患者一旦并发HE,则预后较差,其1年生存率低于50%,3年生存率低于25%[1]。轻微型肝性脑病(minimal hepatic encephalopathy,MHE)为HE的早期阶段,无明显的临床症状和生化异常,仅仅存在不同程度的认知改变。据WHO报道,目前全球大约有20亿人口曾经感染过肝炎,有3.5亿成为慢性肝病患者。我国是世界上慢性肝病的高发区,发病率高达5%~18%,其中有30%~84%并发MHE,若不及时诊疗,大于50%的MHE患者在30个月内发展成为HE,死亡率高达50%,故HE已成为我国一个重大公共卫生问题[2]。与HE相比,MHE患者症状轻浅,隐蔽性极强,不易被发现,给临床诊断带来困难。本文拟围绕MHE的功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)诊断这一研究热点展开综述。……
