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Doping1dope给……用兴奋剂。in sports is back in the news.The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)has found “systematic failures” in drug testing and accuses Russia of bribing officials to cover up positive results,in a report released on Nov.9,2017.In the aftermath,WADA’s recommendation is to ban Russia from athletic competition.But what if2what if 要是……又怎样。there were a simple solution to end doping in sports once and for all3once and for all一次了结地，一劳永逸地。?

体育运动中的兴奋剂事件再次登上新闻。在2017年11月9日发布的报道中，世界反兴奋剂组织发现了在药物检测中存在“系统故障”，并指责俄罗斯贿赂官员掩盖阳性检测结果。此后，世界反兴奋剂组织建议禁止俄罗斯参加体育竞赛。但是，如果有一个简单的解决方案来杜绝体育运动中使用兴奋剂，那会怎么样呢？

[2]From the Incas4Inca印加人（古代秘鲁原住民）。chewing coca leaves to ancient Olympians chomping5chomp大声地吃（或咬、咀嚼食物）。opium,humans have used drugs to enhance performance for millennia.It wasn’t until 1928 that the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)decided to ban doping in sports—a profession where “fairness”matters above most other factors.

[2]从印加人咀嚼古柯叶到古代奥运选手吸食鸦片，人类几千年来一直使用药物来提高比赛成绩。直到1928年，国际田径联合会才决定禁止在体育运动中使用兴奋剂 ——在该领域中“公平”比大多数其他因素都更重要。

[3]But a ban only works if the antidoping agency can detect performanceenhancing drugs.So,instead of ending doping,all the IAAF managed to do is create a never-ending race: The agency creates a reliable test for a certain performance-enhancing6performance-enhancing（尤指药物）兴奋性的（以提高在体育竞赛的表现）。drug.Athletes,in turn,look for new drugs that the agency cannot detect.The agency develops new drug tests.And on it goes.

[3]但是，只有在反兴奋剂机构能够检测到兴奋剂的情况下，禁令才会有效。因此，国际田联所做的不是终止使用兴奋剂，而是要制造一场永无休止的竞争：该机构为一些提高运动成绩的药物创建了可靠的检测。运动员，相应地，也在寻找该机构无法检测到的新药。而该机构又要开发新的药物检测。如此往复。

[4]After decades of cat-and-mouse,athletes found what they must have believed to be the ultimate doping agent:their own blood.

[4]经过几十年猫捉老鼠的游戏，运动员们发现他们必须相信最终的兴奋剂是：他们自己的血液。

[5]To enhance athletic performance with your own blood,you draw blood and store it in a freezer.Your body compensates by creating more blood.Then,months later,just before a competition,you can re-inject the old blood for a boost.As the red blood cell count goes up,so does an athlete’s ability to absorb oxygen.The more oxygen you grab with each breath,the more energy your body is able to burn and the better you are able to perform.

[5]为了用自己的血液提高运动成绩，可以抽血并把它储存在冰箱里。身体产生更多的血液加以弥补。然后，过几个月，在比赛之前，便可以重新注入旧血液来增强动力。随着红细胞数量的增加，运动员吸氧能力也随之增强。每次呼吸所吸取的氧气越多，身体能够燃烧的能量就越多，而且表现就会越好。

[6]Although the enhancement is small compared to actual drugs,it can be the difference between a gold medal and a silver medal.Best of all,“extra blood” was never something WADA tested for.

[6]尽管与实际药物相比，这种增强作用较小，但它可能是金牌和银牌之间的差距。最重要的是，“额外的血液”是从来没有被世界反兴奋剂组织检测过的东西。

[7]But the anti-doping agency wasn’t going to sit by7sit by袖手旁观。and be fooled.What it came up with8come up with想出，提出（计划、想法等）。in response might be a solution to stop doping once and for all:an athlete biological passport9简称ABP，专业运动员的电子生物信息记录。.The idea is to record some biological traits of an athlete through testing done at regular intervals.The biological passport’s partial implementation—recording blood and steroid levels—began in January 2014.

[7]但是反兴奋剂机构不会遭受蒙骗而坐视不管。它所提出的回应或许是杜绝使用兴奋剂的终极解决方案：运动员生物护照。这个想法是通过定期检测来记录运动员的一些生物特征。生物护照的部分实施——记录血液和类固醇水平——从2014年1月开始。

[8]When all necessary biological traits are finally incorporated,WADA will no longer need to worry about finding new methods to detect a drug.It will only have to detect resulting changes in the body.In the case of blood doping,if the athlete’s normal red-blood-cell count is,say100 say比方说；假设。,47%,but then is found to be 51%after a competition,foul play11foul play（尤指体育比赛中的）不公平行为，犯规动作。may have been involved.

[8]当所有必要的生物特征最终结合起来时，世界反兴奋剂组织将不再需要为寻找检测药物的新方法而担心。它只需要检测身体结果的变化。在使用血液兴奋剂的情况下，如果运动员的正常红细胞计数为，比如说，47%，但在比赛后却发现为51%，则可能涉嫌犯规。

[9]WADA is confident that the biological passport could even deter genetic changes—the ultimate,ever-lasting enhancement—which are surely coming next.If an athlete inserts a performanceenhancing gene,it will probably leave detectable changes in the body,that would differ from the athlete’s profile12profile概述；简介。in the biological passport.■

[9]世界反兴奋剂组织确信，生物护照甚至可以遏制基因改变——极度的、永久的增强——这肯定会成为下一步的目标。如果一个运动员植入一种提高运动成绩的基因，它可能会在身体中留下可检测的变化，因为和运动员在生物护照中的状况不一致。□