闫晋晋 杨薪正 姚妙 廖国珍

摘 要：目的：观察黄芪总提取液对D-半乳糖致大鼠亚急性衰老模型的影响。方法：建立D-半乳糖致大鼠亚急性衰老模型，以Y型电迷宫检测其学习记忆能力，分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、TBA比色法测定大脑SOD活性和MDA含量、硝酸还原酶法测定大脑NO含量，观察大鼠服用黄芪总提取液后以上指标的变化。结果：与D-半乳糖模型组相比，黄芪总提取液的中、高剂量组可提高亚急性衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆能力（P<0.05），增加D-半乳糖所致衰老模型大鼠大脑SOD活性、降低MDA含量（P<0.05）。各给药组均起到降低脑组织NO含量，但无法恢复至正常水平。结论：黄芪提取液能改善D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老大鼠的多项体征，摄入适量黄芪总提取物可以明显提高大鼠机体抗氧化、抗衰老能力，从而对D-半乳糖诱发的大鼠衰老起到延缓的效果。

关键词：黄芪提取液；D-半乳糖；衰老；大鼠；学习记忆

中图分类号：R339.38 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945（2018）28-0005-04

Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of total extract of astragalus on subacute aging model of rats induced by D-galactose. Methods： The subacute aging model induced by D-galactose was established in rats. The ability of learning and memory was measured by Y-type electric maze. The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in brain were measured by xanthine oxidase method and TBA colorimetry， and the content of no in brain was determined by nitrate reductase method. The changes of the above indexes were observed after taking the total extract of astragalus membranaceus in rats. Results： Compared with D-galactose model group， middle and high doses of total extract of astragalus could improve the learning and memory ability of subacute aging model rats （P < 0.05）， increase the activity of SOD and decrease the content of MDA in brain of aging model rats induced by D-galactose （P < 0.05）. The content of NO in brain tissue was decreased in each treatment group， but it could not recover to normal level. Conclusion： Astragalus membranaceus extract can improve many signs of subacute aging rats induced by D-galactose. Intake of appropriate amount of total extract of astragalus membranaceus can significantly improve the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-aging of rats. Thus D-galactose induced aging in rats play a delayed effect.

Keywords： astragalus membranaceus extract； D-galactose； aging； rat； learning and memory

黄芪是膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.） Bge.或蒙古黄芪 （Astragalus membenanceus（Fisch.） Bge .Var干燥处理后的块根，属于豆科（Leguminosae）植物黄芪属（Astragalus），文献中记载原名为黄耆，最早发现载于《神农本草经》，用药属上品。中医药典籍《本草纲目》中称：“耆，长也，色黄者黄耆，乃补药之长”[1]。黄芪的功效有祛邪、扶正，历来中医当“补气固表之圣药“使用。黄芪药材中所含化学成分主要有黄酮类、多糖类、皂苷类以及多种氨基酸等。现代医学、药理学、毒理学研究表明，黄芪具有降压利尿、抗衰老、增强人机免疫力、降血糖、抗疲勞、抗肿瘤、镇痛镇静、益智、抗病毒等作用。尤其近年来在现代药理研究日趋成熟，黄芪新的功效及用途被源源不断的发掘[2]。本研究旨在通过试验，观察黄芪药材总提取液对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆、大脑中SOD活性、MDA及NO含量的影响，探讨其抗衰老的作用机制，为黄芪进一步开发成为抗衰老的天然植物源性药物及为黄芪药材的全方位综合质量评价提供可供参考的实验依据。……