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名词性从句讲解

2018-11-20傅西来

新高考·英语基础(高一) 2018年3期
关键词:同位语关联词连词

傅西来

名词性从句指在句子中起的作用相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,它们在句子中分别充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语。

在高中阶段的学习过程中,名词性从句出现的几率是比较高的,学生在此方面所犯的错误也是比较多的,特别在书面表达方面。下面,本文就从实际教学过程中学生提出的疑难问题入手,逐条讲解这项重要语法。

学生张兰兰:名词性从句的关联词有哪些?有何记忆技巧?

名词性从句的关联词比较多,不加思考地进行记忆是比较难记住的。可以把这些词分类记忆,就相对轻松多了。同学们可以试试!

引导名词性从句的关联词:

1.单纯连词:that,lf,whether, as if

2.连接代词:who(the person who), what(the time/place/person/thing that), which (the one that), whose, whom(the person whom)以及wh+ever(anything/anyone.,.that)

3.连接副词:when(=the time when), where(the place where), why(the reason why), how(the way in which)

学生涂一鸣:名词性从句中的关联词在句中充当句子成分吗?如果充当句子成分通常又作什么成分呢?

关联词的作用:单纯连词只有连接的功能,不在从句中充当甸子成分。连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还在从句中充当特定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语,然而在名词性从句考查过程中并不都是单一的考查某一种类型的名词性从句,如遇到以下题干很多学生就会无从下手,不知道该如何分清从句类型:

________girls can be____they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut, is being accepted all around the world.

A. What; whomever

B.That; whatever

C.If; whoever

D.不填;whatever

【解析】B。要想顺利解答出这道题,同学们要首先了解名词性从句有哪几种分类?它们分别有哪些特点?

名词性从句共四大类,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从甸和同位语从句。本题考查了主语从句和表语从句两种名词性从句。

主语从句:在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有:单纯连词、连接代词和连接副词。本题是由that引导的从句,that虽然没有什么意思,但是不能省略。

例如:That she will be accomplished by an experienced ski instructor has excited her.她将由一名经验丰富的滑雪教练陪练使她十分激动。

宾语从句:在句中起宾语作用的从句,称为宾语从句。

宾语从句可以分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

表语从句:在句中起表语作用的从句称为表语从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。

表状态存在的系动词:be, seem, appear, prove, look, smell, taste, sound, feel。表状态延续:remain, stay, keep, continue。表状态变化.become, grow, get, come, go, turn。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that...和It is because...等结构。该题表语从句中缺乏表语成分,且关乎职业,所以第二空应该用whatever。

同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句,一般由that引导。

例如:The court's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.法庭对于犯人无罪释放的决定惊呆了众人。

但在同位语从句考查中找准同位名词至关重要,很多同学在遇到以下例题时经常对同位名词不敏感,不能正确判断出同位语从句。

The man's innocence was disbelieved until evidence came to light____he was trapped by a group who had committed the murder.

A. that

B.which

C.when

D.where

【解析】A。本题是典型的同位语从句,只是被修饰名词与同位语从句被谓语部分隔开,经常用于被同位语从句修饰的名词有belief, doubt, explanation, hope, idea, news, possibility, wish,fact,promise, warning, word, report, truth, question, with the exception等。

不知道各位同學现在对于名词性从句了解得怎么样了?那咱们就来小试牛刀吧!

1. The happiest people embrace____each age gives them.

2. Only you yourself know____is best for you.

3. My mother knew not only where we were at all times but also____our friends were.

4._______ astonishes us is that Alpha Go defeated the human champion.

5. When you are watching the video, make a note of____you think is of great importance.

6. Eric eventually realized his childhood dream____he could play on one of the top teams.

7. Let's see____starting off with a good fifteen-minute training of the smile muscles helped me during the day.

8. Although he was a great genius, he suffered greatly. Some say that his madness was________ he paid for his art.

9. Other vitamins are not made in the body. No one knows exactly____all vitamins take effect.

10. The man begged the angel to speak to God to see____he might _break the rules.

【答案解析】

1.what/whatever。考查宾语从句。此处embrace是及物动词,其后是宾语从句,what和whatever在宾语从句中做宾语。句意:最幸福的人会欣然接受每个年龄段带给他们的东西。

2.what。考查宾语从句。what在宾语从句中做主语。句意:只有你自己知道什么对你是最合适的。

3.who/where。考查宾语从句。连接词在宾语从句中做表语。

4.What。考查主语从句。what在主语从句中做主语。

5.what。考查宾语从句。what在宾语从句中做主语。

6.that。句意:托尼最后实现了他童年的梦想,可以在顶级的球队里打球。抽象名词dream后面是同位语从句,说明dream的具体内容,同位语从句中that不做成分,没有意义,只是起连接的作用。

7.how。句意:让我们看看每天开始十五分钟的微笑训练对我有什么好处。根据语境可知要用how.

8.what。这里what引导表语从句,它在从句中做宾语。

9.how。这里指没有人知道维他命是如何起作用的。how如何。

10.if/whether。句意:那個人乞求天使让她给上帝说说能否破了这个规矩。这里if/whether“是否”引导的是宾语从句,它们只起连接的作用,在句中不作成分。

希望同学们通过今天的学习,能对名词性从句有进一步的认识,在今后答题中有据可依,确保正确率!

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