武桂芝 杨帆 黄明翔

摘要：针对北方干旱或半干旱区季节性河道渗漏现象严重问题，为提高流域洪水演进模拟精度，在传统水动力学洪水演进模型基础上耦合河道渗漏项，构建季节性河流洪水演进数学模型。采用霍顿入渗模型描述季节性河道渗漏过程，解决河道渗漏量计算及与基于圣维南方程组洪水演进模型耦合问题；并利用Preissmann四点偏心隐格式与追赶法对模型离散和计算，开发FORTRAN计算程序；最后以大沽河流域实测资料进行验证。结果表明，沙湾庄和南村断面水位与流量过程的模拟值与实测值吻合且变化趋势一致，洪水峰面到达断面模拟时间和实际时间基本一致，研究区各河段来水量、渗漏量的实测值与模拟值相对误差范围分别为-166%～036 %、-309%～372 %，所建模型可满足在现状条件下进行洪水模拟预报的需要。

关键词：季节性河道；河道渗漏；洪水演进；圣维南方程；耦合模型

中图分类号：TV139.16文献标志码：A文章编号：16721683（2018）03003305

Study on seasonal channel flood routing model coupled with leakage term

WU Guizhi，YANG Fan，HUANG Mingxiang

（School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering，Qingdao University of Technology，Qingdao 266033，China）

Abstract：In view of the serious problem of seasonal river leakage in arid or semiarid areas of northern China，in order to improve the simulation accuracy of flood routing in the basin，we established a seasonal channel flood routing model which couples the traditional hydrodynamic flood routing model with channel leakage.We used the Horton infiltration model to describe seasonal river infiltration and solved the coupling problem between river channel leakage and flood routing model based on SaintVenant equations.Then， the model was discretized and solved with the Preissmann fourpoint partialnode implicit scheme and chasing method， and the FORTRAN calculation program was developed.Finally，the model was tested with measured data of the Dagu River basin.The results indicated that the simulated values of water level and flow process in Shawan and Nancun were consistent with the measured values，and their trends of variation were also consistent.The simulated time for the flood peak to reach the crosssection was basically the same as the actual time.The relative error ranges between the measured value and the simulated value of water inflow and leakage in all the channel segments of the study area were -166%036% and -309%372% respectively.It can be concluded that this coupled model can satisfy the need of flood forecasting under the present condition.

Key words：seasonal channel；channel leakage；flood routing；SaintVenant equations；coupling model

中國北部干旱或半干旱地域河流多为季节性的河流，季节性河流汛期水量大，非汛期河道断流、干枯或少水状态，河床基质渗透能力较强，行洪期河道渗漏现象严重，汛期渗漏主要影响到洪水流量与地下水增补量，洪水演进过程和规律则发生显著变化[13]。所以，在洪水模拟预报中必需探讨河道渗漏的影响，耦合渗漏项的洪水演进模拟成为干旱或半干旱区域洪水模拟中关键问题[46]。

考虑河道渗漏损失的洪水演进模拟和预报，关键是要解决河道渗漏模拟、渗漏量计算及其与洪水演进模型的结合等问题。……