郭晖 陈向东 刘钢

摘要：由于地區经济社会发展不均衡，配套工程建设与主体工程建设不同步，南水北调中线用水指标初始分配与实际用水需求存在不匹配现象。通过水权交易可以对初始用水指标进行再优化配置，实现沿线地区水资源供需平衡，充分发挥工程的综合效益。南水北调中线工程基础条件完备，具备开展水权交易的必要条件。水利部与河南省政府共同开展了南水北调跨区域水权交易试点。通过实践探索，试点取得了良好的成效，为其他大型调水工程开展跨区域水权交易提供了可借鉴的经验；同时，试点也反映了一些深层次问题，需要在后续工作中研究解决。平顶山市与新密市之间开展的水量交易具有较强的引导和示范作用。南水北调中线水权交易市场潜力巨大，通过扩大交易规模、创新交易形式、建立激励约束机制，有助于推动水权交易加快发展。

关键词：水权；水权交易；富余用水指标；跨区域；南水北调；中线工程；水资源优化配置

中图分类号：TV213.4文献标志码：A文章编号：16721683（2018）03017508

Study on the practices of water rights trading in SouthtoNorth Water Diversion Middle Route Project

GUO Hui1，CHEN Xiangdong2，LIU Gang3

（1.School of Soil and Water Conservation，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China；2.China Water

Exchange，Beijing 100053，China；3.Management Science Institution of Hohai University，Nanjing 211100，China）

Abstract：Because of the imbalance of regional economic and social development and the asynchrony between the construction of supporting projects and that of the main project，there is a mismatch between the initial allocation of water quotas and the actual water demand in the Middle Route Project of SouthtoNorth Water Diversion （SNWD）.Through the water rights trading，the initial water quotas can be reallocated，so as to realize the balance of water supply and demand in the areas along the project and bring out the best comprehensive benefits of the project.The basic conditions of the Middle Route Project of SNWD are complete，so the necessary requirements for water rights trading have been fulfilled.The Ministry of Water Resources and the Henan provincial government jointly launched a pilot project of transregional water rights trading of SNWD.Through practical exploration，the pilot project produced good effects and provided important water rights trading experience for other large water diversion projects.Meanwhile，the pilot project also revealed some deepseated problems which need to be studied and solved in the future.The water rights trading between Pingdingshan and Xinmi has a good guidance and demonstration effect.The market potential of water rights trading in the Middle Route Project of SNWD is huge.By expanding the scale of trading，creating new trading forms and establishing incentive and restraint mechanisms，the government can promote the rapid development of water rights trading.

Key words：water right；water rights trading；surplus water quotas；transregion；SouthtoNorth Water Diversion （SNWD）；Middle Route Project；optimal reallocation of water resources

水权交易是实现政府宏观调控和市场机制调节相结合，促进水资源节约保护、优化配置和高效利用的重要手段。推行水权交易是我国水权制度改革的重点任务。2014年6月，水利部印发《关于开展水权试点工作的通知》，确定在国内7省区开展水权试点工作，其中在河南省探索开展南水北调中线跨区域水量交易试点。南水北调工程是缓解我国北方地区水资源短缺、实现水资源优化配置、促进经济社会可持续发展、保障和改善民生的重大战略性基础设施。……