温家华 徐征和 武玮 祁泽慧

摘要：以大汶河流域为研究对象，基于2016年10月流域水生态调查数据，采用综合污染指数法、鱼类完整性指数法、层次分析法分别对水质、鱼类、河岸带进行健康评价，并在此基础上采用层次分析法对大汶河流域水生态系统进行综合评价。结果表明：大汶河流域水生态系统健康状况整体较差，较差和极差状态的点位分别占总采样点的500%和417%，健康等级为一般的采样点位仅占83%。从不同评价内容来看，该流域水质状况较差，其中大汶河南支、瀛汶河南段和汇河支流水质最差，为劣Ⅴ类水；在鱼类完整性评价中，24个采样点中1个采样点为健康，10个采样点为亚健康，13个采样点为一般，分别占总点位数的42%、426%和532%，没有较差和极差的采样点；河岸带生境状况评价结果整体较好，未出现河岸带生境较差的采样点。

关键词：大汶河流域；水生态系统；水质；鱼类；河岸带

中图分类号：X826文献标志码：A文章编号：16721683（2018）03011807

Study on water ecosystem evaluation in Dawen River Basin

WEN Jiahua，XU Zhenghe，WU Wei，QI Zehui

（School of Water Conservancy and Environmental Science，University of Jinan，Jinan 250022，China）

Abstract：In this paper，we investigated the water quality，fish，and riparian zone in Dawen River Basin in October 2016 using comprehensive contamination index method，index of biotic integrity for fish，and analytic hierarchy process in order to assess the river ecosystem health in the basin.The results indicated that the health status of the water ecosystem in Dawen River Basin was generally poor.The poor and very poor sites respectively accounted for 50% and 417% of the total sampling points，and the sampling points with medium health level only accounted for 83%.The water quality was the worst in the south tributary of Dawen River，the southern section of Yingwen River，and the tributaries of Hui River，belonging to the Class V bad water.In the evaluation of fish integrity，the results showed that 1 site was healthy，10 sites were subhealthy，and 13 sites were medium，which respectively accounted for 42%，426%，and 532% of the total sampling points.The riparian zone evaluation showed generally good results.

Key words：Dawen River Basin；water ecosystem；water quality；fish；riparian zone

近年來，随着各地工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快，人类对河流水生态系统资源进行了掠夺式开发利用[1]，导致水生态系统受到了巨大的损害，主要表现为水文特征变化、水质恶化、生物多样性退化等问题，目前生态系统健康评价和研究工作已成为当前研究的热点问题[23]。从内容来看，水生态系统健康评价包括水质、水生生物、河岸边带、水文特征等几个方面[47]。我国河流水生态健康评价起步较晚，目前有关水质评价方面的研究较多，但单纯的水质评价结果较为单一，而生物完整性指标能够反映多种生态胁迫对水环境造成的累积效应，可作为反映河流健康状况的主要指标[8]。……