高峰 齐真 王好芳 赵然杭 王兴菊 白珊

摘要：现代水网建设旨在解决区域水资源短缺、地下水超采以及生态恶化等问题，为了评估现代水网建设的生态功能，对现代水网建设产生的生态效应进行评价。以青州市为研究区域，以2013年为基准年，2020年和2025年为规划年，在50%、75%和95%保证率下，通过青州市现代水网进行水资源优化配置和调度，根据配置和调度结果，选取5个生态效应评价指标，构建生态效应评价指标体系，采用可变模糊评价法，对青州市现代水网建设产生的生态效应进行评价。结果表明，青州市现代水网建设后，生态状况等级比建设前提升了1～3级，生态环境明显改善。因此，区域现代水网建设和生态调度对生态环境改善有重要作用。

关键词：生态效应；可变模糊评价；现代水网建设；水资源；青州市

中图分类号：TV213.9文献标志码：A文章编号：16721683（2018）03010208

Variable fuzzy evaluation of regional ecological effects of modern water network construction

GAO Feng1，QI Zhen2，WANG Haofang2，ZHAO Ranhang2，WANG Xingju2，BAI Shan2

（1.Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province，Jinan 250013，China；

2.School of Civil Engineering，Shandong University，Jinan 250061，China）

Abstract：The modern water network construction is intended to solve the problems of water shortage，groundwater overdraft，and ecological deterioration.This paper evaluates the ecological effects of modern water network construction so as to assess the ecological function of modern water network construction.We took Qingzhou City as the research area，and took 2013 as the base year and 2020 and 2025 as the planning years.At 50%，75% and 95% assurance rates，we conducted optimal allocation and dispatching of water resources through Qingzhou modern water network.According to the allocation and dispatching results，we selected 5 evaluation indexes of ecological effects，and constructed an index system of ecological effects evaluation.Using variable fuzzy evaluation method，we evaluated the ecological effects of the construction of modern water network in Qingzhou.The results showed that the ecological level improved by 13 grades after the modern water network was constructed，and the ecological environment was obviously improved.Therefore，the regional modern water network construction and ecological dispatching play an important role in improving the ecological environment.

Key words：ecological effect；variable fuzzy evaluation；modern water network construction；water resources；Qingzhou City

生态效应是指人类活动引发的生态系统的变化和响应，按照性质可以分为正效应和负效应[1]。水利工程生态效应是指人类通过修建各类水利工程对生态系统造成的结构和功能的影响，包括生态破坏及生态修复两种效果[23]。针对缺水地区，进行区域水网建设是生态修复的有效途径。20世纪以来，美国、前苏联、澳大利亚及中国等国家，通过跨流域或区域调水，对水资源进行重新分配，以缓解区域水資源短缺等问题，促进社会经济的发展[4]。近年来，随着生态问题的日益严重，水网建设等调水工程产生的生态效应逐渐受到关注[5]。……