基于无人机测绘的地理信息定位技术
2018-11-13王怀宝
王怀宝

摘 要: 无人机测绘中的地理信息定位技术是航空遥感领域的重要发展方向。传统方法主要是利用地理信息影像的特征进行分析,忽略了地理信息定位的准确性。为此,提出一种基于三角测量的无人机测绘地理信息定位方法。将无人机采集的影像进行拼接、几何纠正、配准和融合,建立无人机测绘的地理信息定位坐标。在此基础上,利用误差方程公式计算地理信息定位的地面控制点,将控制点向量坐标当作带权虚拟的观测值,根据地理信息控制点进行分类,选取清晰的无人机影像和定位标志,计算三角测量的无人机测绘地理信息定位的平均值和均方差,实现无人机测绘的地理信息定位技术。实验结果表明,提出方法不仅可以获得高分辨率的地理信息影像,还可以提高地理信息定位的准确性。
关键词: 无人机; 地理信息; 定位技术; 几何纠正; 影像拼接; 三角测量
中图分类号: TN961?34; TP391 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)22?0130?03
Abstract: The geographic information positioning technology based on UVA surveying and mapping is an important development direction of the aeronautical remote sensing field. In the traditional method, the characteristics of geographic information images are mainly used for analysis, which ignores the accuracy of geographic information positioning. Therefore, a geographic information positioning method based on the triangulation in UAV surveying and mapping is proposed. Splicing, geometric correction, registration and fusion are performed for images collected by the UAV, so as to establish the geographic information positioning coordinates for UAV surveying and mapping. On this basis, the error equation formula is used to calculate the ground control points for geographic information positioning. The vector coordinates of control points are taken as virtual weighted observation values, and classified according to geographic information control points, so as to select clear UAV images and positioning markers. The average value and mean square error are calculated for geographic information positioning based on the triangulation in UAV surveying and mapping, so as to realize the geographic information positioning technology based on UVA surveying and mapping. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only obtain high?resolution geographic information images, but also improve the accuracy of geographic information positioning.
Keywords: UVA; geographic information; positioning technology; geometric correction; image splicing; triangulation
0 引 言
随着社会经济建设的发展,地理信息成为分析空间框架和数据的基础。地理信息可以反映出地球表面的自然现象和社会要素,包括形态和位置等信息。地理信息具有空间性和时效性,其反映出数据的信息变化程度。地理信息数据的获取方式多种多样。利用无人机遥感技术对地理信息进行定位,可获得不同时效和不同尺度的地理信息数据,为社会经济建设的发展提供依据[1]。无人机遥感技术具有灵活、高效的特点,利用其对地理信息图像进行采集,在采集的图像中提取出地理信息并对其定位成为研究的热点[2]。……
