一种实时心电监测系统设计
2018-11-13刘恒吴朝阳徐佳棋
刘恒 吴朝阳 徐佳棋



摘 要: 鉴于目前医院实时长期监测心电仪的费用高和心电图打印及看图的专业性,设计一种基于单导联的实时心电监测系统。该系统由单导联电极探头、心电信号调理AD8232模块、嵌入式STM32F103VET6单片机、3.2寸触摸屏、蓝牙HC?05模块、锂电池模块、上位手机等组成。调理模块包括仪表放大器、高通滤波器、增益调整器、低通滤波器、基准电压缓冲器、集成右腿驱动(RLD)放大器等,结合数字卡尔曼滤波和迭代滤波方法,有效克服了心电检测信号的基线漂移和低频噪声干扰等问题,从微弱电信号中拾取到有效心电信号。采用整形缩放和阈值设置来提取波形数据的特征,实验测试结果与医院心电测试仪误差在±1%以内。
关键词: 心电监测; 单导联; AD8232模块; 系统设计; 嵌入式处理器; 基线漂移
中图分类号: TN931+.3?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)22?0098?05
Abstract: In view of the high cost of the real?time long?term monitoring ECG device and the professionality of ECG printing and reading in current hospitals, a real?time ECG monitoring system based on the single lead is designed. The system is composed of the single?lead electrode probe, ECG signal conditioning module AD8232, embedded microcontroller STM32F103VET6, 3.2 inch touch screen, Bluetooth HC?05 module, lithium battery module, upper mobile phone, and so on. The conditioning module consists of the instrument amplifier, high?pass filter, gain regulator, low?pass filter, reference voltage buffer, integrated right?leg drive amplifier, and so on. Problems like baseline drift and low?frequency noise interference of ECG detection signals are effectively overcome by combining the digital Kalman filtering method with iterative filtering method, so as to pick effective ECG signals from weak electric signals. The shaping, scaling, and threshold setting are adopted to extract features of waveform data. The experimental result shows that the error between the testing results of the real?time ECG monitoring system based on the single lead and the results of the ECG tester of a hospital is within ±1%.
Keywords: ECG monitoring; single lead; AD8232 module; system design; embedded processor; baseline drift
0 引 言
心脏周围的组织和体液都能导电,因此可将人体看成为一个具有长、宽、厚三度空间的导体。心脏好比电源,无数心肌细胞动作电位变化的总和可以传导并反映到体表。在体表很多点之间存在着电位差,也有很多点彼此之间无电位差。心脏在每个心动周期中,由起搏点、心房、心室相继兴奋,伴随着生物电的变化,这些生物电的变化称为心电。心电监测仪通过对心电信号的提取和特征分析,得到反映心脏健康状况的信息,从而提供给医生临床诊断[1?2]。
心电信号微弱,同时受检测者的运动[3]、佩戴的不正确、基线漂移[4]、工频电源的干扰等影响,有效拾取比較复杂[5]。……
