董泊

摘 要：环境资源问题与日俱增，各国都在寻求节约资源、保护环境、进行可持续发展的方法。绿色建筑作为建筑业中环境友好的代表形式，在其建造和使用过程中消耗较少的自然资源，正受到社会各界越来越多的关注。我国建筑高能耗、高污染的现象十分普遍，因此绿色建筑在我国的推行具有重要的意义。本文从绿色建筑的概念入手，引入建筑全寿命周期评价的理论，分析了建筑全寿命周期成本的构成。再分别从增量成本和效益的角度，对全寿命周期成本进行分解归类。将增量成本分解为前期增量成本和建造增量成本；将绿色建筑的效益分解为经济效益、环境效益和社会效益，总结出绿色建筑直接效益和间接效益的货币化计量方法；同时，本文结合工程经济学的相关理论，选取适当的经济评价参数与指标，建立了一套完整的绿色建筑经济评价方法。

关键词：绿色建筑；全寿命周期评价；增量成本；绿色建筑效益

Abstract： The growing problem of environmental resources ， countries are seeking to conserve resources ， protect the environment ， be a method of sustainable development. Green building as representatives of the construction industry in the form of a friendly environment， consume fewer natural resources in their construction and use of the process， the community is being more and more attention. China's building of high energy consumption， high pollution is widespread， so green building has great significance in our implementation . In this paper， starting from the concept of green building， the introduction of life- cycle assessment of architecture， and analyzes the life cycle cost of the building constituted. Then were the incremental costs and benefits from the perspective of the whole life cycle cost decomposition classified. The incremental costs and incremental costs broken down into pre- construction incremental cost； the effectiveness of green building is divided into economic， environmental and social benefits， summed up the benefits of green building and monetizing direct measurement of indirect benefits； Meanwhile， the paper related theories engineering economics， select the appropriate parameters and indicators of economic evaluation to establish a complete evaluation method of green building economy.

Keywords： Green Building； whole life cycle assessment； incremental cost； green building benefits

1.相關概念

1.1绿色建筑

绿色建筑概念有狭义和广义之分。以狭义来说，绿色建筑是在其设计、建造及其使用、拆除整个过程中节能、节水、节地、节材的环保建筑。以广义来说，绿色建筑是人类与自然环境协同发展、和谐共进，并能使人类可持续发展的建筑文化。本文的内容主要基于《绿色建筑评价标准》中定义的绿色建筑狭义概念。即：在建筑的寿命周期内，最大限度的节约资源、保护环境和节约能源，为人们提供健康、实用和高效的使用空间，与自然和谐共生的建筑。……