杨昌智 雷小慧 张泠 王琳

摘 要：针对既有建筑围护结构提出了一种综合热工性能评价方法——等效传热系数法.等效传热系数评价法是基于指标评价法和等效能耗模型提出来的，将围护结构多个参数指标综合为一个等效指标，通过比较既有建筑和标准节能建筑的等效传热系数来评价既有建筑围护结构的热工性能与节能潜力.研究分析表明，该方法只需要测试室内外温度，不需要对围护结构各项热工性能参数进行全面布点测试，可以克服既有建筑围护结构现场测试困难和实际围护结构热工性能并不均衡难以全面把握的问题，缩短围护结构热工性能诊断周期.可以用于指导既有建筑围护结构的节能改造.

关键词：既有建筑；围护结构；热工性能；等效传热系数

中图法分类号：TU111.19 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1674—2974（2018）07—0150—07

Abstract： This paper proposed a method for the comprehensive thermal performance assessment （equivalent heat transfer coefficient） of building envelopes in existing buildings. This method is based on the index evaluation and equivalent energy consumption model， which integrates many evaluation indexes into an equivalent index. The thermal performance and energy-saving potentiality of the building envelope are evaluated by calculating and comparing the heat transfer coefficient of the two equivalent energy consumption models. It is shown that only measurement of indoor and outdoor temperature is needed， while measurement of every parameter in the envelope structure is not needed， which can overcome the difficulties in testing the existing buildings with complex structures. The proposed method can assess the total thermal performance of building envelope rapidly and evaluate the necessity of retrofitting before energy-saving renovation.

Keywords： existing buildings；building envelopes；thermal performance；equivalent heat transfer coefficient

近些年來建筑能耗特别是既有公共建筑能耗高的问题逐渐显现，此类建筑的年平均耗电量是普通公共建筑的24倍[1].在大型公共建筑能源消耗中，空调采暖用电大约占60%左右[2-4]，但其中大约有40% ～ 50%为围护结构传热所消耗[5].所以围护结构性能的好坏直接影响着建筑空调采暖负荷的大小，决定着建筑能耗的高低.现有的关于围护结构热工性能评价与诊断方法大多需要知道详细的围护结构设计参数[6-8]或者详细的传热模型[9]，但是对于既有建筑而言很难实现对各项参数的全面布点测试，并且由于既有建筑建造时间较久，资料……