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侧风干扰对涵道本体的气动特性研究

2018-10-27崔剑飞巩伟杰

科技创新与应用 2018年25期

崔剑飞 巩伟杰

摘 要:针对侧风干扰对涵道风扇稳定性影响,基于Fluent软件对涵道风扇飞行器在前飞状态下受侧风干扰的数值模拟。不仅对涵道飞行器本体在有干扰状态下的气动分析,还分析了不同结构布局的抗侧风能力,并选取了涵道长径比h/d、涵道锥角b、桨盘位置j及桨间间隙四个主要结构布局参数进行了数值计算与分析。结果表明:受到侧风干扰时,涵道飞行器的稳定性和机动性下降,可以通过改变涵道的布局结构来提高涵道飞行器的抗干扰能力,提高涵道风扇飞行器的稳定性。

关键词:侧风;干扰;稳定性;涵道风扇;气动特性

中图分类号:V211 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2018)25-0042-04

Abstract: In view of the influence of crosswind disturbance on the stability of culvert fan, the numerical simulation of crosswind disturbance on ducted fan aircraft in forward flight state is carried out based on fluent software. Not only the aerodynamic analysis of the culvert vehicle body in the presence of interference, but also the cross-wind resistance of different configurations is analyzed. Four main structural layout parameters, i.e., culvert aspect ratio h/d, culvert cone angle b, paddle position j and inter-propeller gap, are calculated and analyzed numerically. The results show that the stability and maneuverability of the culvert vehicle decrease when it is disturbed by crosswind. The anti-jamming ability and the stability of the culvert fan vehicle can be improved by changing the layout and structure of the culvert.

Keywords: cross wind; interference; stability; ducted fan; aerodynamic characteristics

引言

涵道風扇飞行器结构紧凑,噪声小等优点,并且使用范围已拓展至军事、民用和科研三大领域,其迅速发展和应用,已逐渐成为当今无人机领域的研发热点。目前,随着国内外对于涵道风扇无人机的研究不断深入,对涵道风扇系统的气动特性和稳定性控制问题的研究也逐步展开,文献[1]对涵道飞行器的稳定性进行了深入研究,并且涵道飞行器的气动分析也比较成熟[2]。现阶段对涵道飞行器的气动分析研究,处于涵道飞行器悬停状态或者前飞的状态[3, 4],并对倾转涵道飞行器倾转过程中的复杂流场分析[5, 6]。

考虑到涵道风扇飞行器处于干扰的环境,比如有侧风/阵风存在的时候,对涵道飞行器的稳定性和机动性有较大的影响。基于CFD数值模拟涵道风扇飞行器在前飞过程中受侧风的影响,涵道的气动布局对涵道飞行器稳定性的影响,为涵道风扇飞行器在不同环境下抗干扰能力和快响应奠定了研究基础。……

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