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意足不求颜色似

2018-10-21黄海

贵州大学学报(社会科学版) 2018年1期

摘 要:陈与义诗词成就显著,从其作品出发,结合南宋笔记诗话中的相关资料,可以看出他在文学思想方面有自觉的创新意识。他调和苏、黄二人的诗学思想并有所超越,上追杜甫及韦柳陶谢,形成了追求“韵格”、崇尚清淡自然的文学思想,并意识到从自然和情感经历中寻求诗材和灵感的重要性。在此基础上,他的作品展现出不同于同时期江西诗派诸人的特点,为孝宗文坛诗词新变奠定了基础。

关键词:陈与义;诗词;文学思想

中图分类号:I206.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-5099(2018)01-00-

Abstract:Chen Yuyi, with great achievements in poetry, his consciousness in the innovation of literature thinking can be viewed from his works combining with documents relating to written poems and other works of the Southern Song dynasty. He shaped his literature thinking of pursuing rhyme and metrics, together with appreciating the simplicity of nature by learning from and further developing the poetic thinking of poets like Su Shi, Huang Sheng, Du Fu,and so on; and he was aware of the importance of searching for inspiration and material from nature and emotions. He changed the poetic style in the era of Emperor Xiaozong with his being different from other poets of Jiangxi Style in the same age.

Key words:Chen Yuyi; poetry; literature thinking

陈与义(1090-1138),字去非,自号简斋居士,两宋之交杰出诗人,时人称之为“诗俊”[1]卷首《瀛奎律髓》推其为江西诗派三宗之一。他的诗歌与江西诗派诸人所作相较,自有独到的风格;他的词亦如其诗,有着鲜明的个性特征。

陈与义的诗词作品在文学史上个性鲜明,影响较大,后世学者对陈与义诗词的研究大部分集中在对其诗词的风格、渊源、派别及影响的研究,鲜有人论及他的文学思想。从其创作实践的成就来看,陈与义对诗词的创作显然有深入思考,因此我们结合笔记诗话中陈与义对诗词的点评或经验等,尝试归纳和分析他的文学思想。

一、追求“韵格”

从南宋人笔记中的资料可以看出陈与义的诗词创作以追求“韵格”为目标。

陈去非尝为余言:“唐人皆苦思作诗,所谓‘吟安一个字,捻断数茎须、‘句向夜深得,心从天外归、‘吟成五字句,用破一生心、‘蟾蜍影里清吟苦,蚱蜢舟中白发生之类是也。故造语皆工,得句皆奇,但韵格不高,故不能参少陵逸步。……

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