西方百年管理思想的演进与发展
2018-10-21张星伍
张星伍
摘 要:试图通过对西方管理理论百年发展历史的简略梳理,发现各个不同管理流派形成的学科背景和基本学理。同时以知识和技术的分类为基本逻辑起点,提出造成目前管理学陷入困境的主要原因,乃是其在长期发展演变过程中,以工具理性为引导形成的“灯塔”式知识集合的结果,这同样也是造成当前我国管理理论在不同学科间相互纠缠,理论发育不充分的重要根源。要推进管理理论不断走向成熟,需要在人类知识分工的体系下,形成不同层次的内部学术分工,并以此来架构现代管理理论的研究视角和分析范式,这也是当前我国管理学科在推进本土化发展的过程中,跻身于世界理论之林,实现自主发展面临的重大课题之一。
关键词:管理;分析框架;知识;技术
中图分类号:C93-0
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-5099(2018)01-0063-07
Abstract:The article attempts to find the disciplinary background and basic ideas of different management schools by organizing western management theories for one hundred years . Meanwhile, taking the classification of knowledge and technology as a logical starting point, we put forward that the main cause of the current management paradox is the result of “lighthouse” style knowledge set, which is led by instrumental rationality in the process of long term development and evolvement. And this is also an important reason for the minuscule development of theory and management theories intertwined between different disciplines in China. The authors believe that in order to promote the gradual maturity of management theory, we need to form different levels of internal division of the academic system under the framework of human knowledge, and to structure research angle of view and analytical paradigm of modern management theory. This is a major issue for the management discipline currently localized in China in order to realize independent development.
Key words:management; analytical framework; knowledge; technology
自1911年泰勒奠定現代管理理论基础,并经由德鲁克等人将管理学发展成为一门独立的学科以来,[1]现代管理理论历经百年,不断在人类社会的经济、社会、技术及价值观念的演变中逐渐发展,形成了较为浩瀚的理论文献,取得了一系列重要的实践成果,同时也使管理成为当代人类合作生产中,通过计划、指挥、控制、协调等手段,实现资源有效配置,提高要素使用效率不可或缺的重要利器。但另一方面,管理理论长期的多学科发展,也使其内部呈现出学派林立、百家争鸣、缺乏统一并被多数人所共同接受的基本分析框架的景象。……