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超声波辅助稀碱法提取蔗髓半纤维素的工艺探究オ

2018-10-21马志宇吕艳娜

中国造纸 2018年1期

马志宇 吕艳娜

摘 要:以合理高效利用造纸工业的废弃物蔗髓为出发点,采用超声波辅助稀碱法分离蔗髓半纤维素。首先确定蔗髓的化学组分,然后通过单因素实验,分别考察超声波处理时间、KOH质量分数和碱液浸提温度对蔗髓半纤维素得率的影响,并应用响应面分析法对分离工艺进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助碱提取蔗髓半纤维素的最佳提取工艺参数为:超声波处理时间28 min、KOH质量分数3.7%、碱液浸提温度53℃,在该条件下,半纤维素的总得率为23.05%,比无超声波辅助时提高了3.24个百分点。KOH质量分数、超声波处理时间和碱液浸提温度对半纤维素总得率影响均显著。

关键词:蔗髓;半纤维素;超声波提取;响应面

中图分类号:TS724

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.11980/j.issn.0254508X.2018.01.004

Study on Alkaline Extraction of Hemicelluloses from Bagasse Pith with Ultrasoundassisted

MA Zhiyu LV Yanna*

(College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian,Liaoning Province, 116034)

(*Email:lvyn@dlpu.edu.cn)

Abstract:Hemicelluloses was extracted from bagasse pith by ultrasoundassisted alkaline method. Firstly, the chemical compositions of bagasse pith were analyzed. Then, the influences of ultrasonic time, KOH mass concentration and extraction temperature on yield of bagasse pith hemicelluloses were evaluated. On the basis of single factor experiments, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM). The results showed that the optimal conditions for bagasse pith hemicelluloses extraction by ultrasoundassisted alkaline method were ultrasonic treatment time of 28 min, KOH mass concentration of 3.7%, and extraction temperature of 53℃. Under these conditions, the total extraction yield of hemicelluloses was 23.05% and it increased by 3.24 percentage points compared with the alkaline extraction without ultrasound assistance. KOH mass concentration, ultrasonic treatment time and extraction temperature were the most significant factors affecting the total hemicelluloses yield.

Key words:bagasse pith; hemicellulose; ultrasonic extraction; response surface methodology

在石油资源日益紧张的环境下,利用可再生的生物质资源部分代替化石能源,符合国际社会可持续发展和循环经济的理念。甘蔗是我国主要的糖料作物之一,其经过破碎压榨提取蔗汁后得到的残渣即为蔗渣,蔗渣是一种优良的造纸原料[1]。然而,蔗渣中含有的 30%~40%的海綿状蔗髓在蒸煮过程中能够吸收大量药液,增大废液黏度[2],在造纸过程中导致脱水阻力增加,使成纸强度下降[3],因此,蔗渣必须经过除髓后使用。我国年产蔗糖 600 万t,每年可产除髓绝干蔗渣约400 万t,蔗髓200 万t左右[4]。实际生产中,蔗髓主要被造纸厂和糖厂用作燃烧供热和发电,只利用其热能,经济附加值较低,一定程度上造成了资源的浪费。蔗髓中的主要化学成分是纤维素、半纤维素和木素,其中半纤维素以聚戊糖为主,含量与蔗渣相当,达到21%~25%[56],且含有较多的支链结构,是一类制备生物高分子材料的理想原料。……

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