员工工作塑造行为的结构维度与驱动因素
2018-10-21李珲丁刚
李珲 丁刚
摘要:
工作塑造行为是积极组织行为学的新兴议题。在市场竞争加剧、不确定性和复杂性不断增加的工作情境下,员工工作塑造行为的重要性日益凸显。为了探索员工工作塑造行为的结构维度与驱动因素,采用扎根理论研究方法进行探索性研究。研究发现,工作塑造行为包括增加心理资源、增加结构资源、增加社会资源、寻求工作挑战、降低工作要求5个维度。工作塑造行为的驱动因素主要有3类:一类是工作特征、组织情境等外在驱动因素,一类是工作不安全感、身份地位、个性特征等内在驱动因素,一类是人—环境匹配等内外交互驱动因素。
关键词:
工作塑造行为;扎根理论;结构维度;驱动因素
中图分类号:F279.23
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-5099(2018)04-0083-07
Abstract:
Job crafting is an emerging issue of positive organizational behavior. With the fiercely business competition, and the increasing uncertainty and complexity, the importance of employees job crafting behavior is becoming protruded. In order to explore the structure dimensions and activating factors of employees job crafting behavior, the grounded theory method was used for this exploratory research. The results show that job crafting behavior including five aspects: increasing psychological resources, increasing structural resources, increasing social resources, seeking job challenge, reducing job demand. There are three main types of activating factors of job crafting behavior: one is the external activating factors, such as job characteristics, organizational context; one is the internal activating factors, such as job insecurity, status, personality; and one is the interacted factors of internal and external activating factors, such as person ̄environment fit.
Key words:
job crafting behavior; grounded theory; structure dimensions; activating factors
工作塑造(job crafting,也译为工作重塑、工作形塑、工作雕琢等),是指“员工在其工作任务或关系边界中所做出的实体上和认知上的改变”[1],即员工表现出来的一种主动性行为。在市场竞争加剧、不确定性和复杂性不断增加的工作情境下,员工工作塑造行为的重要性日益凸显:从组织管理的视角看,复杂动态的工作环境使得管理者难以进行稳定固化的工作设计,需要员工审时度势地做出工作决策,积极主动地调整工作行为[2],从而提升组织的柔性、适应性与竞争力;从员工个体发展的视角看,高度不确定性的工作环境使得员工工作压力增大,认同危机滋长,需要员工通过工作塑造行为来找寻工作意义、重构工作身份实现自我价值。……