分次伽马刀治疗大体积脑转移瘤的疗效及预后分析
2018-10-16高扬王洪乾蒙富斌
高扬 王洪乾 蒙富斌
【摘要】 目的 探讨分次伽马刀治疗大体积(直径≥3 cm)脑转移瘤的疗效和不良反应,并分析其预后因素。方法 选取使用伽马刀治疗的大体积脑转移患者46例,肿瘤体积范围14.1~50.9 cm3,中位体积24 cm3。用 50%等剂量曲线包括靶区,剂量为 4.5~6 Gy/次,共照射5~8次,每周照射5次。生存期采用Kaplan-Meier分析,組间生存率对比采用Log-rank检验,多变量分析采用COX回归模型。结果 治疗后临床症状改善率为 81.1%(30/37),有效率为80.4%(37/46),局部控制率为89.1%(41/46)。1年和2年总生存率分别为45.6%和21.7%,中位生存期11个月。多因素分析结果显示KPS评分低、原发灶未控和颅外转移是预后不良因素(P<0.05)。结论 分次伽马刀治疗大体积脑转移瘤效果确切,不良反应轻。KPS评分低、原发灶未控和颅外转移是预后不良因素。
【关键词】 脑转移瘤;伽马刀;分次
中图分类号:R739.4 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2018.04.020
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of fractionated Gamma knife in the treatment of large brain metastases(diameter≥3 cm),and to analyze its prognostic factors.
Methods 46 cases of large brain metastases treated with Gamma knife were selected.Tumor volume ranged from 14.1 to 50.9 cm3,with a median volume of 24 cm3. 50% isodose curve was used to include target area with dose of 4.5 to 6 Gy/time,and total irradiation was 5 to 8 times,5 times a week.Survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis,survival rates between groups were compared by Log-rank test,and multivariate analysis by COX regression model.Results After treatment,the improvement rate of clinical symptoms was 81.1%(30/37),effective rate was 80.4%(37/46),and local control rate was 89.1%(41/46).The total survival rate of 1 and 2 years was 45.6% and 21.7%,respectively,and median survival period was 11 months.Multivariate analysis showed that low KPS score,uncontrolled primary focus and extracranial metastasis were factors of poor prognosis(P<0.05).Conclusion Fractionated Gamma knife is effective in the treatment of large brain metastases with mild adverse reactions.Low KPS score,uncontrolled primary focus and extracranial metastasis are factors of poor prognosis.
【Key words】 brain metastasis;Gamma knife;fractionation
脑转移瘤是成人最常见的颅内肿瘤,发生率约为颅内原发肿瘤的 10 倍。8%~10% 的恶性肿瘤患者会发生颅内转移,尸检报道的结果甚至比这个概率更高。脑转移瘤患者在没有任何干预情况下只有1~2个月的自然生存期[1]。脑转移瘤治疗方案包括手术切除、全脑放疗(WBRT)和立体定向外科(SRS)。治疗方案选择根据转移病灶大小、数目、部位和患者一般情况决定。以往全脑放疗为不能手术脑转移患者的常规治疗方案,但随着放疗技术发展,SRS逐步成为主流,临床上多采用单独SRS或WBRT联合SRS治疗。因考虑脑组织损害,根据以往观点,SRS一般用于小于3 cm病灶,对于大于3 cm的脑转移瘤,SRS为相对禁忌证。伽马刀为SRS代表技术之一,对于大体积脑转移瘤应用伽马刀SRS治疗报道相对较少。我院于2011年1 月至 2016 年 1 月使用分次伽马刀治疗大体积脑转移瘤46例,现报告如下。……
