龙胆炮制历史沿革和现代研究
2018-09-25尹玎强小娟
尹玎 强小娟
摘要:本文以《历代中药炮制资料辑要》为线索,查阅我国有关龙胆炮制的历史文献和现代资料,对相关内容进行归纳整理。历代关于龙胆的炮制方法有净制、切制、加热炮制及加多种辅料炮制等记载,而现代龙胆的炮制方式相对单一,仅净制、超微饮片、炭制和酒炒等方法收载于历年版《中华人民共和国药典》及地方炮制规范。现代药理研究表明,酒炙龙胆、甘草炙龙胆、姜炙龙胆、龙胆炭、醋龙胆、盐龙胆等炮制方法具合理性与质量可控性。本文通过梳理龙胆炮制的历史沿革和研究进展,为其现代炮制研究提供参考。
关键词:龙胆;炮制;历史沿革;现代研究;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.07.035
中图分类号:R283.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)07-0134-03
Abstract: This article is based on the Li Dai Zhong Yao Pao Zhi Zi Liao Ji Yao as a clue to review the historical literature and modern data on processing Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma in China, and summarized the relevant contents. Processing methods of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma have history on the net system, cutting system, heating processing and various accessories processing records, but now the processing methods of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma are relatively simple, only the methods of net production, ultra-micro-decoction, charcoal, and wine frying are included in the historical “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China” and local processing specifications. In modern times, the processing methods of wine, licorice gentian, ginger, charcoal, vinegar, and salt for Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma have rationality and quality controllability. Through combing the historical evolution and research progress of processing of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, this article provided references for study on modern processing.
Keywords: Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma; processing; historical evolution; modern research; review
龍胆为龙胆科植物条叶龙胆Gentiana manshuric Kitag.、龙胆Gentiana scabra Bge.、三花龙胆Gentianatriflora Pall.或坚龙胆Gentiana rigesceras Franch.的干燥根和根茎。前3种习称“龙胆”,后者习称“坚龙胆”[1]。始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品,“主骨间寒热,惊癎,邪气,续绝伤,定五脏,杀蛊毒。久服,益智,不忘,轻身,耐老。一名陵游,生山谷”[2]。曾用名有草龙胆(《太平惠民和剂局方》)、龙胆草(《小儿卫生总微论方》)、滇龙胆草、苦草(《滇南本草》)、胆草(《医家四要》)。其临床应用历史悠久,常用于湿热黄疸、阴肿阴痒、带下、湿疹瘙痒、肝火目赤、耳鸣耳聋、胁痛口苦、强中、惊风抽搐等。
炮制后入药是中医临床用药特色,适当的炮制方法可改变或缓和药性,削弱或消除药物毒副作用,增强药物疗效等。历代医家在临床实践中产生了龙胆的多种炮制方法。为梳理龙胆炮制的起源、现状、发展,本文以《历代中药炮制资料辑要》为线索,对相关文献加以概括、整理,为其现代炮制研究提供参考。……