邓乐 丁长松 黄辛迪

摘要：中医药理论具抽象、模糊的特点，其本质特性难以准确把握，因此，许多研究从方剂的药性量化探究其内在机理。目前量化研究多采用分割式研究模式，研究对象局限于中药的某种或几种性能，尚不能全面揭示其治疗机理。大数据、云计算等技术的出现，为深度分析海量、复杂的中医药信息提供了新途径。遵循辨证论治规律，将“四气-五味-归经-升降沉浮-毒性-功效”等多种属性作为整体，综合分析，从宏观层面研究各属性的相关关系及量化方法，是方剂药性量化研究的发展趋势。本文对近年来有关方剂药性量化研究进展进行综述，为方剂药性量化的现代化和具体化提供参考。 关键词：中药；方剂；性味；归经；量化；综述

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.07.034

中图分类号：R289；R285.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304（2018）07-0130-04

Abstract： Due to abstract and intricate theories of TCM theories， its essential characteristics are difficult to master， so the mechanism can be better explored through study on quantification of prescription properties. At present， quantification research by many scholars mainly adopts isolated research model limited to one or several kinds of TCM properties， which is difficult to reveal treatment mechanism of prescriptions. The development of big data and cloud computing technology provides a new way for the deep analysis of massive and complex TCM information. Based on syndrome differentiation， it is trending in prescription quantification to employ a comprehensive analysis by using “four properties - five flavors - channel tropism - ascending and descending， floating and sinking - toxicity - efficacy” overall on macroscopic level to analyze and quantify the characteristics of TCM prescriptions and their relationships among each other. This article reviewed recent research progress in the quantification of prescription properties and provided references for the modernization and specification of quantification of prescription properties.

Keywords： TCM； prescriptions； properties and flavors； channel tropism； quantification； review

中藥与疗效有关的性质和性能统称为药性，其基本内容包括四气五味、升降浮沉、归经、有毒无毒、配伍、禁忌等，是药物性质与功能的高度概括[1]。中药方剂根据配伍的药物味数分为单方和复方。不同方剂的组成除有药物种类和药物数量的差异外，还有药物剂量的差异，因此导致方剂的组成表征存在模糊性[2]，不利于研究者对方剂精确分析。

量化每种方剂存在的性味、归经等共同特征，并运用现代数学工具和数据挖掘技术分析已成为研究中药治疗机理的有效途径。王学臣等[3]根据多维宏观量化法[4]研究发现，半夏泻心汤以甘、辛、苦为主，偏于热性。徐亮等[5]通过量化四气五味发现，血府逐瘀汤以苦、甘、辛为主，偏于热性。……