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基于数据挖掘的《理虚元鉴》用药规律研究

2018-09-25赵志恒穆超超

中国中医药信息 2018年7期
关键词:用药规律

赵志恒 穆超超

摘要:目的 分析《理虚元鉴》用药规律,探讨汪绮石治疗虚证用药特点及辨治思路,为临床提供参考。方法 整理《理虚元鉴》所载方剂,建立药物名称、用量及主治病证数据库。采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行普遍性分析、相似性分析和聚类分析。结果 共纳入方剂23首,包含药物56味、227频次,其中使用最多的药物为甘草和生地黄;药性以寒(46.7%)、温(16.7%)、平(16.7%)为主,药味以苦(53.3%)、甘(80.0%)、辛(20.0%)为主,归经以手少阴心经(53.3%)、足厥阴肝经(33.3%)、足太阴脾经(53.3%)、手太阴肺经(66.7%)、足少阴肾经(46.7%)及足阳明胃经(26.7%)为主。结论 汪绮石《理虚元鉴》治疗虚证善用性寒、味甘、归手太阴肺经的药物,其中以甘草、生地黄为最,具固脾防邪兼补肾之效;其次为桔梗、茯苓、麦冬、牡丹皮,以清金保肺,达到无损至高之气而金水相生的目的。

关键词:理虚元鉴;汪绮石;三本二统;生地黄;甘草;用药规律

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.07.022

中图分类号:R2-05;R255.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)07-0092-03

Abstract: Objective To analyze the medication rules in Li Xu Yuan Jian; To explore the medication characteristics of WANG Qi-shis treatment for deficiency syndromes and hisdialectical thinking; To provide references for clinic. Methods By combing the recorded prescriptions in Li Xu Yuan Jian, this article established the database of medicine names, dosage and syndromes. SPSS statistical software 19.0 was used for universal analysis, similarity analysis, and cluster analysis. Results 23 prescriptions were included in the study, involving 56 kinds of medicine and 227 frequency, among which the most commonly used medicine were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and raw Rehmanniae Radix; The medicinal properties were mainly cold (46.7%), warm (16.7%), and flat (16.7%), and the medicinal tastes were mainly bitter (53.3%), sweet (80.0%), and octanol (20.0%), and the meridians were mainly Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin (53.3%), Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (33.3%), Spleen Maridian of Foot-Taiyin (53.3%), Liver Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (66.7%), Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin (46.7%), and Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (26.7%). Conclusion In Li Xu Yuan Jian, WANG Qi-shi tends to treat deficiency syndromes by using medicine with the cold property, sweet taste and Liver Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, among which Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and raw Rehmanniae Radix were most commonly used, followed by Platycodonis Radix, Poria, Ophiopogonis Radix and Moutan Cortex to protect the lung. Therefore, the final and upmost goal of not hurting qi and tonifying lung and kidney can be achieved.

Keywords: Li Xu Yuan Jian; WANG Qi-shi; three basis and two series; raw Rehmanniae Radix; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; medication rules

《理虛元鉴》为明·汪绮石所撰,是治虚劳证专著。该书理法方药具备,对虚劳的病机阐发、论治大法和预防措施都自成体系,如柯怀祖所言“绮石之论虚劳,犹如仲景之论伤寒”,该书对中医虚损学说的形成产生了深远影响。

《理虚元鉴》首次提出“虚劳六因”学说:即先天之因、后天之因、痘疹及病后失理之因、外感之因、境遇之因、医药之因,完善了虚劳的病因理论;对虚劳病机的认识皆从“火”立论,提出“心肾不交”“心肾不交与劳嗽总论”“虚火伏火”;在前人总结经验的基础上,结合其临床经验,创造性提出治虚“三本二统”,即“治虚有三本,肺、脾、肾是也”,“治虚二统,统之于肺、脾而已”;……

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