人工智能2.0时代知识分析变革研究
2018-09-20田倩飞张志强
田倩飞 张志强
摘 要:“人工智能”一词于1956年提出后经历几番起落,近年来,随着云计算、大数据等技术快速发展,人工智能的研究和应用得以新生,人工智能2.0时代已然到来。文章首先梳理国际政产学界针对新一轮人工智能研发的战略布局、相关成果与应用,概述我国《新一代人工智能发展规划》及其部署进展,引出人工智能2.0的定义、技术特征及其颠覆性影响;然后,基于文献调研与项目跟踪,在研读全球各大智库人工智能研究报告、国内外相关研究论文、梳理学者研究原型与美国智能情报项目的基础上,从信息知识采集、信息知识搜索、信息处理与知识挖掘、知识预见预警以及知识决策服务等诸多环节阐述人工智能关键技术在知识分析中的应用与影响,提出人工智能2.0时代知识分析的总体趋势将朝向全面、精准、自动、高效、智能和深度等方向发展。
关键词:人工智能2.0;知识分析;DARPA;IARPA
中图分类号:G250.2;TP18 文献标识码:A DOI:10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2018023
Research on Knowledge Analysis Transformation in the Era of Artificial
Intelligence 2.0
Abstract Artificial intelligence is to make machines smarter and competent to accomplish the work that only human beings could do. After the introduction of "Artificial Intelligence" in 1956, it has undergone ups and downs. Recently, with the development of cloud computing, big data, etc., the research and application of artificial intelligence is entering the 2.0 Era. This paper firstly introduces the strategic plan, research achievements and application of industry, academia and government on the new wave of artificial intelligence research and development, China's Development Plan on New Generation of Artificial Intelligence, as well as the definition of Artificial Intelligence 2.0, its tech features and disruption. Based on literature research and projects tracking, this paper then analyses the key technologies of artificial intelligence and the application in knowledge analysis. It is concluded that information analysis in the artificial intelligence 2.0 Era would bound toward the direction of comprehensive, targeted, automated, effective, intelligent and profound. Finally, this paper concludes the development and effect of artificial intelligence, and gives suggestions on AI-based knowledge analysis and scientific decision making.
Key words artificial intelligence2.0; knowledge analysis; DARPA; IARPA
1 人工智能进入2.0时代
近年来,伴随着移动互联网、云计算、大数据等信息前沿技术的快速发展,计算机硬件性能和计算技术的突破以及机器学习算法的优化,诞生六十余年的人工智能研发再次迎来了新的机遇,相关产业规模不断增长,企业数量大幅增加。2000至2016年间,美国累积新增人工智能企业3033家,占全球累积总数的37.41%;同期中国人工智能企业数累积增长1477家,占全球总数的12.91%[1]。2016年10月26日,在北京举行的瑞银创新科技行业CEO高峰会上,瑞银发布《未来值得关注的九项颠覆性技术趋势》报告预测,认为到2020年,全球人工智能市场规模有望达到1200亿到1800亿美元之巨[2]。……
