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抗肿瘤药致不良反应15 183例分析

2018-09-10寇炜郭代红田小燕贾王平赵靓王啸宇胡鹏洲

中国药房 2018年4期

寇炜 郭代红 田小燕 贾王平 赵靓 王啸宇 胡鹏洲

中圖分类号 R979.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2018)04-0508-04

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.04.19

摘 要 目的:了解抗肿瘤药致不良反应(ADR)发生的特点和规律,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法:收集2009 年1月-2016年12月108家医院上报至解放军ADR监测中心的抗肿瘤药致ADR报告,对ADR报告类型、患者性别与年龄、给药途径、ADR发生时间、抗肿瘤药类别、患者罹患肿瘤情况、ADR累及系统/器官及临床表现、转归等信息进行回顾性分析。结果:15 183例ADR报告中,新ADR有462例,严重ADR有2 873例。男性8 039例(52.95%),女性7 144例(47.05%);其中女性严重的ADR发生比例(20.00%)显著高于男性(17.96%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。引发ADR的给药途径以静脉给药为主(90.53%),且多发生于用药后2~<7 d(23.00%)。 共涉及抗肿瘤药117种,排名前3位的药物类别依次为金属铂类(25.63%)、植物来源及衍生物类(24.42%)和抗代谢类(18.50%)。男性患者罹患肿瘤排名前3位的分别为肺癌、结直肠癌和胃癌,女性患者为乳腺癌、肺癌和结直肠癌。ADR累及系统/器官主要为胃肠系统、血液系统和全身性损害,主要临床表现为恶心、呕吐、骨髓抑制、皮疹和发热。92.57%发生ADR的患者经治疗后痊愈和好转,但有5例患者死亡。结论:抗肿瘤药致ADR较多,且危害严重。临床应加强重点人群、重点药物的监测,以减少ADR的发生。

关键词 抗肿瘤药;不良反应;回顾性分析

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR induced by antineoplastic drugs and provide reference for safe drug use in clinic. METHODS: ADR reports induced by antineoplastic drugs reported by 108 hospitals during Jan. 2009-Dec. 2016 were collected from PLA ADR Monitoring Center. ADR reports were analyzed respectively in respects of types of ADR reports, patientsgender and age, administration route, occurrence time, types of antineoplastic drug, the situation of patients suffering tumor, systems/organs involved in ADR, clinical manifestations, outcome, etc. RESULTS: Among 15 183 ADR reports, there were 462 cases of new ADR and 2 873 cases of severe ADR; there were 8 039 male (52.95%) and 7 144 female (47.05%). The proportion of severe ADR in female (20.00%) was significantly higher than male (17.96%), with statistical significance (P=0.001). ADR was mainly induced by intravenous administration (90.53%), and mainly occurred 2-<7 d after medication (23.00%). Top 3 drug categories in the list of ADR were platinum antineoplastic drugs (25.63%), plant-derived antineoplastic drugs and its derivative (24.42%) and anti-metabolism drugs (18.50%). Male patients mainly suffered from lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer; female patients mainly suffered from breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Systems/organs involved in ADR were gastrointestinal system, hematological system and systemic damage. Main clinical manifestations were nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, skin rash and fever. Totally 92.57% of ADR cases were cured and recovered after treatment, and 5 cases died. CONCLUSIONS: Antineoplastic drugs have high incidence of ADR with serious damage. Clinic should strengthen the monitoring of key population and key drugs so as to reduce the occurrence of ADR.

KEYWORDS Antineoplastic drug; ADR; Retrospective analysis

恶性肿瘤作为全球各国主要的公共健康问题,其总体发病率和死亡率均呈逐年上升趋势,严重威胁人类的健康,已成为我国人群最主要的死亡原因[1]。近年来,抗肿瘤药发展迅速并得以广泛应用,随着治疗方法的改进和新药的不断问世,肿瘤患者的死亡率也有所降低[2]。但由于传统抗肿瘤药治疗窗窄,且对正常组织细胞有抑制、杀伤作用,极易发生药品不良反应(ADR);而新药的ADR信号在临床试验中并不能完全被发现[3],因此其安全问题不容忽视。为此,本研究对解放军ADR监测中心收集的抗肿瘤药致ADR 15 183例进行回顾性分析,以了解抗肿瘤药致ADR发生的特点和规律,为临床安全用药提供参考。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

收集2009年1月1日-2016年12月31日108家医院上报至解放军ADR监测中心的抗肿瘤药致ADR报告15 183例。……

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