赵坤 吴永官 张朝明 李文嘉 黄晓文

摘要：【目的】選育高产、商品瓜率高、抗病性强、耐贮运的黑皮冬瓜杂交一代新品种，为我国黑皮冬瓜高效生产提供优良品种。【方法】2008年以自交系GD06-08-5为母本、自交系FW08-12-07为父本进行组合选配，筛选出GD06-08-5×FW08-12-07组合，2010和2011年进行品种比较试验，2012年起在广西南宁和玉林等地进行区域试种示范，对其主要农艺性状、抗性及产量性状进行评价。【结果】GD06-08-5×FW08-12-07组合具有高产、高商品率、耐贮运、较抗枯萎病和适应性广等特点，春播生育期约110 d，夏播90 d；成熟果实呈长圆筒形，瓜长80.0～100.0 cm，横径15.0～18.0 cm，肉厚4.5～5.5 cm，单瓜重15.0～20.0 kg。在2010和2011年品种比较试验中，GD06-08-5×FW08-12-07组合商品瓜平均产量140232.5 kg/ha，比对照桂蔬1号增产8.72%；在2012～2013年区域试验中，其商品瓜平均产量均高于各地主栽品种；2015年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名桂蔬3号黑皮冬瓜。【结论】桂蔬3号黑皮冬瓜的丰产性、商品性、耐贮运性及抗逆性均表现良好，具备在全国各地冬瓜产区推广种植的潜力。

关键词： 黑皮冬瓜；桂蔬3号；杂交一代；高效栽培

中图分类号： S642.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2018）05-0950-06

Abstract：【Objective】The aim of this study was to select and breed new hybrid varieties with high yield，high commodity rate，strong disease resistance，easy storage and transportation， and provide premium varieties for efficient production of black wax gourd in China. 【Method】In 2008，the inbred line GD06-08-5 was used as female parent and inbred line FW08-12-07 as male parent for combination selection，and the combination GD06-08-5×FW08-12-07 was selected at last. The comparative test of varieties was conducted in 2010 and 2011，and regional trials and demonstrations of the combination were conducted in Nanning and Yulin since 2012. The main agronomic traits，resistance and yield traits were evalua-ted. 【Result】The results showed that GD06-08-5×FW08-12-07 combination had characters of high yield，high commodity rate，easy storage and transportation， resistance to fusarium wilt，wide adaptability and so on. It took about 110 d from sowing to harvest in spring planting， and about 90 d in summer planting. The mature fruit was long cylinde， with 80.0-100.0 cm in length，15.0-18.0 cm in width， 4.5-5.5 cm in flesh thickness， and 15.0-20.0 kg in single weight. The compa-rative tests of varieties in 2010 and 2011 showed that its average yield was 140232.5 kg/ha，which was 8.72% higher than that of the control variety Guishu 1. The regional experiment during 2012-2013 showed that its average yield was higher than those of other main local varieties. Guishu 3 was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2015 and named Guishu 3 black wax gourd. 【Conclusion】The new variety Guishu 3 has high yield， good commercial property，strong storage stability and high resistance. It possesses the potential for promotion in wax gourd production areas of China.

Key words： black wax gourd； Guishu 3； the first generation of hybrid； efficient cultivation

0 引言

【研究意义】黑皮冬瓜[Benincasa hispida（Thumb）Cogn. How.]主要分布在华南地区，产量高、耐贮运，富含多种维生素和人体必需微量元素，可调节人体的代谢平衡，在保证周年供应及我国南菜北运方面发挥重要作用（谢大森等，2009；邓俭英等，2012；谢大森等，2013）。广西是黑皮冬瓜种植和生产的主要省（区），年播种面积在2万ha以上。广西黑皮冬瓜产业发展已初具规模，但仍存在高产、稳产品种缺乏、瓜形偏短且不整齐、品种空腔大及病害发生严重等问题。……