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基于低共熔溶剂提取千斤拔多糖

2018-09-10熊苏慧夏伯候雷思敏李诗卉谢明霞李亚梅林艳

湖南中医药大学学报 2018年9期

熊苏慧 夏伯候 雷思敏 李诗卉 谢明霞 李亚梅 林艳

〔摘要〕 目的 采用一种新型绿色溶剂低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents, DESs)提取千斤拔多糖,并对其提取工艺及提取效率进行考察。方法 采用响应面法,优化千斤拔多糖提取工艺,并以水提醇沉法评价DESs提取效率。结果 由氯化胆碱和1,3-丁二醇合成的低共熔溶剂最适合于千斤拔多糖的提取。经响应面法优化后,在提取温度70 ℃、水比例11%、提取时间41 min、液固比11 mL/g下,千斤拔多糖提取率可达2.47%,显著高于水提醇沉后所得多糖(P<0.05)。结论 低共熔溶剂作为提取介质具有高效和绿色的优点,可用于千斤拔多糖的提取,同时本结果为DESs提取中药活性成分提供新思路。

〔关键词〕 低共熔溶剂;响应面法;千斤拔;多糖

〔中图分类号〕R284.2 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2018.09.008

〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the extraction of polysaccharides from Moghania macrophylla using new green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and related extraction process and extraction efficiency. Methods The response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process for polysaccharides from Moghania macrophylla, and the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method was used to evaluate the extraction efficiency of DES. Results The DESs composed of choline chloride and 1,3-butanediol was most suitable for the extraction of polysaccharides from Moghania macrophylla. After optimization with the response surface method, an extraction temperature of 70 °C, a water ratio of 11%, an extraction time of 41 minutes, and a liquid-solid ratio of 11 ml/g achieved a yield of polysaccharides from Moghania macrophylla of 2.47%, which was significantly higher than the yield obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation (P<0.05). Conclusion DESs has the advantages of high efficiency and being environment-friendly as an extraction medium and can be used for the extraction of polysaccharides from Moghania macrophylla. Meanwhile, the results of this study provides new ideas for the use of DESs in the extraction of active components of traditional Chinese medicine.

〔Keywords〕 deep eutectic solvent; response surface method; Moghania macrophylla; polysaccharide

中药千斤拔Moghania macrophylla (WiWd.) O. Kuntze.含有多糖、黄酮、生物碱、β-谷甾醇等多种活性成分,具有祛风除湿、强筋壮骨、活血解毒的功效[1]。其中千斤拔多糖类成分具有提高免疫力的作用[2],可广泛用于食药品行业,因此,如何千斤拔中高效提取多糖具有重要意义。

近年来,“绿色化学”的提出促使离子液体(ionic liquids, ILs)、低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents, DESs)等绿色溶剂的发展。随着研究的进行,ILs表现出高成本、潜在毒性和较差的可生化性等不足[3-4],而DESs因其低成本、易合成、生物可降解性、高增溶作用、低毒性甚至非毒性等优势已成为科学研究的新宠。DESs由氢键受体(HBA)和氢键供体(HBD)组成,其熔点低于各个组成部分[5],现已广泛用于黄酮[6]、酚酸[7]、生物碱[8]等中药活性成分的提取,但在多糖[9]提取方面却相对较少。

因此,本研究选择合适DESs提取千斤拔多糖,并利用Box-Behnken设计对千斤拔多糖的提取条件(温度、时間、水比例、液固比)进行系统优化,筛选最佳提取条件,为今后DESs的研究及千斤拔多糖的合理利用提供科学依据。……

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