2012~2014年耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布特征和耐药性分析
2018-09-10许蓓妮陈敏珊伍国达李秀娟卢珠明兰勇区秀丽
许蓓妮 陈敏珊 伍国达 李秀娟 卢珠明 兰勇 区秀丽
【摘要】目的了解耐碳青霉烯類鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)的临床分布特征及其耐药性,为指导临床合理用药、明确有效控制医院感染提供依据。方法收集2012~2014年临床分离的CRAB标本,分析其临床分布特征及耐药性,并进行统计学分析。结果3年共检出179株CRAB,主要来自痰液(844%)和创口分泌物(117%),检出科室以ICU(458%)、呼吸内科(263%)多见。氨基苷类抗生素(庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星)耐药率为69%~97%,179株CRAB对第三代头孢菌素(头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松)的耐药率为66%~94%,对β内酰胺酶抑制剂(哌拉西林他唑巴坦、氨苄西林舒巴坦)的耐药率为71%~92%,对头孢哌酮舒巴坦的耐药率为39%~66%,对喹诺酮类抗菌药(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星)的耐药率为64%~95%,对β内酰胺类抗菌药(哌拉西林、氨曲南)的耐药率为91%~98%,对磺胺类抗生素抗菌药(复方磺胺甲唑)的耐药率为25%~90%,对米诺环素的耐药率为18%~66%,对多粘菌素类(粘菌素、多粘菌素B)的耐药率为7%~32%。3年间CRAB对妥布霉素、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、氨苄西林舒巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、米诺环素、庆大霉素、复方磺胺甲唑、粘菌素、多粘菌素B的耐药率逐年上升(P均<005)。结论临床医师应提高合理用药意识,避免滥用抗菌药物,同时应加强CRAB耐药性监测,以有效防治CRAB感染。
【关键词】耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌;临床分布;耐药性
Clinical distribution and drug resistance of carbapenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii from 2012 to 2014Xu Beini, Chen Minshan, Wu Guoda, Li Xiujuan, Lu Zhuming, Lan Yong, Ou Xiuli Department of InfectionControl, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Sun Yatsen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
Corresponding author,Xu Beini, Email: 409612096@qqcom
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance of carbapenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), aiming to provide evidence for reasonable medication use and effective control of nosocomial infection MethodsThe clinically isolated CRAB samples were collected The clinical distribution and drug resistance of CRAB were statistically analyzed ResultsA total of 179 CRAB were detected in three years, of which 151 strains (844%) from the sputum and 21 (117%) from the wound secretions The CRAB was mainly distributed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and Department of Respiratory Medicine The drugresistant rates of CRAB for aminoglycoside antibiotics (Gentamicin, Tobramycin and Amikacin) were ranged from 69% to 97%, 66%94% for the 3rdgeneration cephalosporins (Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone), 71%92% for βlactamase inhibitors (Piperacillin/tamazobatam, Ampicillin/zubatam), 39%66% for cefoperazon/zubatam, 64%95% for quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Oxyfloxacin), 91%98% for βlactam (Piperacillin and Aminotronine), 25%90% for sulfa antibiotics (compound sulfamethoxazole), 18%66% for minocycline and 7%32% for polymyxin (Mucin and Polymyxide B), respectively From 2012 to 2014, the drugresistant rate of CRAB to these drugs was significantly increased year by year (all P<005) ConclusionClinicians should enhance the awareness of rational drug use, avoid abuse of antibiotics and strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance of CRAB to effectively prevent the CRAB infection
【Key words】Carbapenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii; Clinical distribution;
Drug resistance
鲍曼不动杆菌是医院感染中的一种重要革兰阴性非发酵病原菌,存在于医院环境、人体皮肤以及与外界相通的腔道,易引起呼吸道感染、血流感染、腹腔感染、皮肤软组织感染、尿路感染及脑膜炎,也是ICU、呼吸内科、神经外科患者医院内感染高发和病死率高的主要原因之一[1]。……
