由认知域解读军事术语的语义翻译路径
2018-08-30刘玲成凤圣
刘玲 成凤圣
摘 要:军语是表达军事概念的术语,军语的认知体系不同使得军语翻译难度很大。文章以《美国军事术语解读词典》中air术语群的翻译词条为语料,从认知语义学的视角探讨军语在认知基本域中的语义翻译路径及其理据。翻译军语时,译者需明确军语的空间域、动作域和战争域三个基本认知域内语义的不同特征,继而通过语义认知域路径识别、遵循认知域规范选词、结合军事知识结构确认等步骤进行翻译。
关键词:军语,认知域,语义翻译路径
中图分类号:E919;H059 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2018.03.008
Semantic Paths of Military Term Translation Based on Cognitive Domains: Case Study on “Air”//LIU Ling,CHENG Fengsheng
Abstract: Military terms are words that express military concepts in a systematic way. The differences between the source military term systems and its counterpart in the target language set obstacles for translation, especially in the perspective of cognitive understanding. The translation of “air” involved military terms from A Penetrated Dictionary of United States Military Terms are used as examples in this paper to illustrate the semantic translation paths and the possible reasons in the military term translation process from the perspective of cognitive domains. While translating military terms, translators should understand and identify the general semantic connotations of military terms in the three different cognitive domains, i.e., space domain, action domain and war domain; and then should choose the proper diction based on path matching, and finally examine and revise according to military knowledge system.
Keywords: military terms,cognitive domains,semantic translation paths
收稿日期:2017-10-20 修回日期:2018-03-13
作者簡介:刘玲(1979—),女,硕士,南京理工大学紫金学院人文学院副教授,研究方向为英汉对比与翻译、认知语言学。通信方式:503251153@qq.com。成凤圣(1965—),男,硕士,南京工业大学浦江学院大外部副教授,研究方向为英语教学、军事英语翻译、情报整编。通信方式:fscheng8@126.com。
引 言
军事术语简称“军语”。军语,就狭义而言,指列入军队编纂的标准军语辞书之内,且部队正在统一使用的标准化军事术语;就广义而言,与军事相关的语词均属于军语。本文讨论的军语,指的是“狭义的军语”,即为军事辞书中使用的正式规范军事术语。随着中国综合国力的迅速发展,对外交往日益频繁,中国与世界各国军事领域的交流也不断扩大,对英文军事术语的理解与翻译在对外交往中起着非常重要的作用,重视并探讨军事术语翻译问题对军事人员的军事素养提高和军事信息迅速接收都有着非常重要的意义。……
