麻友立 麻友琴 师杜娟 任丽君

摘要 2015年3月至2017年10月，采用野外调查和室内饲养观察的综合方法，对隆肛蛙繁殖期及其种群分布和密度进行调查研究。结果表明，隆肛蛙一般在11月底进入冬眠，次年惊蛰前后苏醒，海拔越高进入冬眠时间越早、苏醒时间越迟。隆肛蛙蝌蚪期较长，能以蝌蚪度过越冬期。隆肛蛙栖息地主要为小溪、河流、森林、灌丛和稻田，种群分布海拔区间为500～1 800 m。分布密度为1只/hm2，种群密度很小、数量很少，究其原因为隆肛蛙自身生物学特征限制和人为因素干扰。

关键词 长青自然保护区；隆肛蛙；种群分布；密度；栖息地；陕西洋县

中图分类号 Q954 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）11-0226-02

Abstract From March 2015 to October 2017，field surveys and indoor feeding observations were used to investigate the breeding period and the population distribution and density of Rana quadranus.The results showed that Rana quadranus generally entered hibernation at the end of November and regained consciousness in the next waking of insects.In the higher altitude，the hibernation time was the earlier and the recovery time was the later.Rana quadranus had a longer tadpole period and could spend the wintering season.The habitats of Rana quadranus were mainly creeks，rivers，forests，shrubs and rice fields，and the population distribution range was 500～1 800 m.The distribution density was 1 per hectare，the population density was very small and the number was also small.The reason for this was the limitation of biological characteristics of Rana quadranus and human factors.

Key words Changqing National Nature Reserve；Rana quadranus；population distribution；density；habitat；Yangxian Shaanxi

洋县位于秦岭南坡，地理坐标为东经108°01′～108°30′、北纬33°12′～33°22′。洋县北部为长青自然保护区，地理坐标为东经107°45′～107°55′、北纬33°17′～33°39′。洋县海拔500～3 071 m，处于北亚热带北缘，季节性变化明显，具有雨热同季、温暖湿润、雨量充沛等特点。汉江水资源丰富，水质好，水系分布较密，存在农业灌溉系统污染问题。年均温、年平均降水量分别为13.8～15.1 ℃、813.9 mm。

隆肛蛙（Rana quadranus）属无尾目蛙科蛙属，是我国著名两栖动物学家刘承钊等于1960年鉴定发表的新种，其名源于肛部周围皮肤膨胀呈方形囊状泡隆起这一性征。汉江水系、稻田、湿地、灌丛和森林是隆肛蛙产卵、蝌蚪发育变态、幼蛙活动的重要场所。隆肛蛙体形壮大，瞳孔略方形，趾端球状和趾间满蹼等特点与棘胸蛙类极相似。与其伴生的蛙类有中国林蛙（Rana chensinensis）、黑斑侧褶蛙（Fe-jervarya multistriatu）、合征姬蛙（Microhyla mixtura）、秦岭雨蛙（Hyla tsinlingensis）、泽陆蛙（Fejervarya multistriatu）。隆肛蛙肉质肥美，天敌种类众多。……