李迎春 王孟辉 刘念 汤天泽 张体刚 陈军 范其新 李芝凡 蒙大庆

摘要 为了解种子与缓释硼肥同播的效果和在四川省绵阳市丘陵区的最佳硼肥施用量，在稻、油轮作田块进行了田间试验，设置4个处理，研究种子与不同量硼肥同播对直播油菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明，种子与不同量硼肥同播不影响直播油菜出苗和正常生长，既能提高油菜产量，也能改善油菜品质；但不同用量之间差异显著，缓释硼肥9 kg/hm2时油菜的产量最高，达到2 668.20 kg/hm2。研究结果能为该地区直播油菜缓释硼肥的合理高效施用提供理论依据。

关键词 直播油菜；缓释硼肥；种子与硼肥同播；产量；品质

中图分类号 S565.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）11-0025-02

Abstract In order to understand optimum dosage of boron fertilizer and effect of boron fertilizers and seed sowing simultaneously on seed yield and quality of direct rape in hilly areas of Mianyang City in Sichuan Province，a field experiment was conducted by setting 4 treatments.The results showed that the seeds sowing with different amounts of boron fertilizer did not affect the normal growth and emergence of rapeseed，it could improve the yield and the quality of rape.But the difference between the dosage of different boron fertilizer was significant，when the amount of boron fertilizer was 9 kg/hm2，the yield of rape was the highest，reaching 2 668.20 kg/hm2.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the rational and efficient use of direct seeding rape in the area of boron release.

Key words direct rape；release boron；boron fertilizer and seed sowing simultaneously；yield；quality

受成土母质和气候的影响，我国油菜主产区耕作土壤的含硼量一般较低。四川盆地丘陵区是四川油菜主产区，油菜播种面积已达80万hm2以上。油菜作为需硼量较大且对缺硼敏感的作物，在生产中高度重视硼肥施用。作为一项普及的生产技术，施硼对促进油菜生长发育和保障油菜产量发挥了重要作用。然而，在实际生产中，油菜缺硼现象时而发生，最突出的现象是“花而不实”导致严重减产[1-2]。随着油菜直播轻简化机械化生产的面积不断扩大，如果能将优质硼肥与油菜种子进行同播，既能减少叶面喷施硼肥的劳动成本，又可以避免一家一户购买硼肥易发生假劣产品的风险，同时能将有限的硼肥施在种子根系附近，提高硼肥利用效率和施用效果[3-4]。……